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Greg wrote:
"We would ideally like to put up an omnidirectional horizontally polarized antenna like a loop." FM and TV broadcasters do it and succeed amid adversity. In the US, TV channel 2 is very near to 6 meters in wavelength. Now broadcasters may opt for circular polarization, but in early times they used horizontal polarization. If crossed perpendicular dipoles are fed 90-degrees ouy-of-phase, the combination is called a turnstile array. The turnstile antenna produces a pattern that is nearly circular in the plane of the turnstile. Due to the usual 1/2-wavelength of the turnstile elements and coupling to their supports, there are often dimples in the "circular" pattern which give an appearance of crossed figures of eight. For practical purposes, the pattern circularity is usually good enough for the turnstile to be accepted for VHF and UHF broadcasting. Folded dipoles often make up the turnstile for the convenience of their impedance when electrically connected in parallel and for the lightning protection provided by closed-circuit antennas. A single folded dipole is often wrapped into a halo shape with a small gap between its ends for omnidirectional service and greater simplicity than the turnstile. Capacitor plates are often added to the short-circuited ends of the folded dipole to increase the capacitance between its ends and thus improve current distribution which improves pattern circularity. An array of such halos in a vertical stack can provide gain by concentrating energy into a horizontal beam. Phasing adjustments between elements stacked into the array of halos can tilt the beam up or down from the horizontal. High antennas often use a couple of degrees of downward beam tilt to improve signals near the station and to reduce power loss in radiiation toward the zenith. Delaying the feed to each next higher element by an additional 4 or 5 degrees often depresses the elevation angle below the horizontal by a degree or two. Best regards, Richard Harrison, KB5WZI |
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