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Sorry I don't have the time to dig into this more deeply right now. I'm
sure Owen has done a great job in estimating loss, but here are some things to think about: 1. Belden 9204, like a lot of other 75 ohm cables, has a copper-plated steel center conductor for strength. At 3.8 MHz, depending on the copper thickness, current might be entering the steel. If it is, the loss will be a lot more than a simple model for solid copper would predict. I notice that the statement at the bottom of the data you posted says "Loss model source data frequency range 10.000 - 1000.000 MHz". You're well below that. A good reason for a lower limit on the model would be not accounting for current penetrating into the steel. 2. Some common RG-59 type cables have stranded center conductors and tin plating. Both increase the loss. More importantly, stranding results in much thinner copper for a given percentage of wire diameter of copper cladding. 3. A logical way for a cable manufacturer to cut costs is to put a thinner copper cladding on the center conductor. This would have no effect on the performance at VHF and above, where the cable is most likely to be used. So thin copper wouldn't surprise me. The only way to really know the loss is to measure it. And this might not be the reason for any apparent error. But it might be. As Tom said, though, 10, or even 15% deviation from nominal isn't unusual. Let me relate a story. Years ago, I came across a very large surplus quantity of approximately 0.1" diameter 75 ohm cable. It was just before Field Day, and because it looked to be in good physical condition, I measured off 100 feet, put a couple of BNC connectors on it, and tossed it into the pack as feedline for the 40 meter antenna. (I backpack my gear on Field Day, so weight is a major consideration.) Field Day went ok, but it was one of those years when we were just at the other stations' noise level, requiring a lot of repeats, QRZs, etc. Afterward, my FD partner was saying that all we needed was another 2 or 3 dB gain on 40, and we'd do a lot better. I agreed. Not too long afterward, I was measuring the impedance of a folded dipole through a half or full wave of that 75 ohm coax (since I had a lot of it), and was getting bizarre results. And that's when I first learned of the importance of cable loss on impedance transformation. I had been assuming lossless cable for my calculations of load Z given input Z, but got suspicious that loss might play a role. When I modified by equations to account for loss, I was surprised at how much difference even a little loss made. (As it turns out, loss makes more difference when the load Z is far from the cable Z0, as it was in this case, than when they're about the same.) I put more and more loss into the formula until I got about what I expected for load Z, given the input Z I was measuring. 4 dB at 7 MHz! A quick measurement with the wattmeter confirmed that the cable did indeed have that much loss. The problem was the thinness of the copper cladding on the very small steel center conductor strands. Even though the cladding was a substantial portion of the wire diameter, it was still very thin because of the tiny wire diameter. At our next sked, I told my FD partner that I'd figured out a way to get a couple more dB out of our 40 meter antenna. . . Roy Lewallen, W7EL |
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