Roger wrote:
Cecil Moore wrote:
Are there any reflections at point '+'?

If not, how is energy stored in the stub?

If so, what causes those reflections?

I am not sufficiently familiar with circulators to respond.

If the circulator is bothering you, forget it and assume the
following lossless conditions:

Ifor = 1 amp --
------------------------------+
-- Iref = 1 amp | 1/4
| WL
All Z0 = 50 ohms | shorted
| stub

Please think about it and answer the questions above.
The main point to remember is that there is no physical
impedance discontinuity at '+'.
--
73, Cecil http://www.w5dxp.com