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![]() From Kraus: Antennas " 1-1. Definitions. A radio antenna may be defined as the structure associated with the region of transition between a guided wave and a freespace wave, or vice versa. In connection with this definition it is also useful to consider what is meant by transmission line and by resonator. A transmission line is a device for transmitting or guiding radio-frequency energy from one point to another. Usually it is desirable to transmit the energy with a minimum of attenuation, heat and radiation losses being as small as possible. This means that while the energy is being conveyed from one point to another it is confined within the transmission line or to the vicinity of the line. Thus, the wave transmitted along the line is one-dimensional in that it does not spread out into space but follows along the line. From this general point of view the term transmission line includes not only coaxial and two-wire transmission lines but also hollow pipes, or wave guides. A generator connected to an infinite, lossless transmission line produces a uniform traveling wave along the line. If the line is short-circuited, a standing wave appears because of interference between the incident and reflected waves. A standing wave has associated with it local concentrations of energy. If the reflected wave is equal to the incident wave, we have a pure standing wave. The energy concentrations in such a wave oscillate from entirely electric to entirely magnetic energy and back twice per cycle. Such energy behavior is characteristic of a resonant circuit, or resonator. Although the term resonator, in its most general sense, may be applied to any device with standing waves, the term is usually reserved for devices with stored energy concentrations that are large compared with the inflow or outflow of energy.(2) (2) The ratio of the energy stored to that lost per cycle is proportional to the Q, or sharpness of resonance of the resonator." From Wikipedia: "In physics, power (symbol: P) is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted, or the amount of energy required or expended for a given unit of time. When the rate of energy transfer or work is constant, all of this can be simplified to P=W/t=E/t where W and E are, respectively, the work done or energy transferred in time t (usually measured in seconds)." Yuri and W9UCW also found that on a quarter wave resonant vertical antenna, which is a standing wave circuit, and demonstrates that at the current maximum at the base, or at the bottom of the loading coil, the current heats the wire. At the tip, where there is a voltage maximum, the corona or neon bulb lights up. Both effects demonstrating that there is power (energy over time) being exhibited. Kraus so effectively explains it in the introduction to his book, but the "expertise" on this news group insists on otherwise - "no power in standing wave circuit". 73 Yuri, K3BU.us |
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