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loop antennas and noise suppresion
Szczepan Bialek wrote:
"Ian" napisa? w wiadomo?ci ... "Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... All time the electrons flow to or from the ground. Hello Szczepan. No, the earth doesn't act as a surface of a capacitor. Capacitors will self-discharge even when they aren't connected to any circuit. My answer was to Sal. He wrote: "(Last year, I used a 20m dipole at 30 feet, operating out of my van. Everything floated above ground without incident and many QSOs.)" The floor of the van is the plate and the surface of the Earth is the second plate. S* Nonsense; you are an idiot. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Wayne" napisal w wiadomosci ... "Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... # My answer was to Sal. He wrote: "(Last year, I used a 20m dipole at 30 # feet, operating out of my van. # Everything floated above ground without incident and many QSOs.)" # The floor of the van is the plate and the surface of the Earth is the second # plate. # S* Just as a mental exercise, assume that the entire setup...van and antenna, is transported to a place in space where there is negligible capacitance to the earth. Is it your contention that the setup would operate any differently? The Earth is in the space and the entire setup also. The both need "neutralization" like the space-vehicle: "Other proposed applications of large-area field emission sources[39] include microwave generation, space-vehicle neutralization" From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_electron_emission " Where the electrons are compacted the electrons tend to push each other off. Where there is a deficit of electrons, electrons are attracted from other sources". In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message
... Just as a mental exercise, assume that the entire setup...van and antenna, is transported to a place in space where there is negligible capacitance to the earth. Is it your contention that the setup would operate any differently? The Earth is in the space and the entire setup also. The both need "neutralization" like the space-vehicle: "Other proposed applications of large-area field emission sources[39] include microwave generation, space-vehicle neutralization" From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_electron_emission " Where the electrons are compacted the electrons tend to push each other off. Where there is a deficit of electrons, electrons are attracted from other sources". In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). S* To continue quoting from the Wiki article: ' In these devices, a high density of individual field emission sites is created on a substrate (originally silicon). This research area became known, first as "vacuum microelectronics", now as "vacuum nanoelectronics" '. Micro/nanoelectronics? I think we've discussed ths before on this newsgroup. Is Szczepan saying that we need to earth the Earth? Doesn't that short out everything? I'd rate this thread "Four stars out of five. Highly entertaining and amusing. I await the sequel". Perhaps we've already had the sequel - was it Archimedes who said "Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the whole world". I guess that Szczepan would agree with that one. Regards to all, Ian. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On Monday, June 25, 2012 12:18:08 PM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). If electrons permeated space, all planets would be at the same electric potential but we know they are not. How do you explain that? |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
Szczepan Bialek wrote:
"Wayne" napisal w wiadomosci ... "Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... # My answer was to Sal. He wrote: "(Last year, I used a 20m dipole at 30 # feet, operating out of my van. # Everything floated above ground without incident and many QSOs.)" # The floor of the van is the plate and the surface of the Earth is the second # plate. # S* Just as a mental exercise, assume that the entire setup...van and antenna, is transported to a place in space where there is negligible capacitance to the earth. Is it your contention that the setup would operate any differently? The Earth is in the space and the entire setup also. The both need "neutralization" like the space-vehicle: "Other proposed applications of large-area field emission sources[39] include microwave generation, space-vehicle neutralization" From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_electron_emission " Where the electrons are compacted the electrons tend to push each other off. Where there is a deficit of electrons, electrons are attracted from other sources". In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). S* This is a bunch of babbling, word salad, meaningless, gibberish. You are an utter idiot. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On 6/25/2012 8:12 AM, W5DXP wrote:
On Monday, June 25, 2012 2:23:22 AM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote: The floor of the van is the plate and the surface of the Earth is the second plate. How about the capacitors and antennas on Voyager I and II which are still operating at the edge of the solar system? -- 73, Cecil, w5dxp.com You see the Voyager I and II use their metal structure as one plate of a capacitor connecting to earth. The space between is the dielectric, just like the floor of the van. Some day when Voyager I passes another solar system, The space between earth and Voyager making up the dielectric will be light years wide. Without earth there could be no radio communications anywhere else in the universe. Plato, the Greek scientist stated very clearly that the earth was the centre of the universe. Cecil, surely you would not presume to question the works of a great scientist like Plato. Michael :-) |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... "Wayne" napisal w wiadomosci ... "Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... # My answer was to Sal. He wrote: "(Last year, I used a 20m dipole at 30 # feet, operating out of my van. # Everything floated above ground without incident and many QSOs.)" # The floor of the van is the plate and the surface of the Earth is the second # plate. # S* Just as a mental exercise, assume that the entire setup...van and antenna, is transported to a place in space where there is negligible capacitance to the earth. Is it your contention that the setup would operate any differently? # The Earth is in the space and the entire setup also. # The both need "neutralization" like the space-vehicle: # "Other proposed applications of large-area field emission sources[39] # include microwave generation, space-vehicle neutralization" # From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_electron_emission # # " Where the electrons are compacted the electrons tend to push each other # off. Where there # is a deficit of electrons, electrons are attracted from other sources". # # In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). # S* And if the van/antenna had been constructed on another planet before being sent into space, is the earth still required or just the other planet? |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Wayne" napisal w wiadomosci ... "Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... Just as a mental exercise, assume that the entire setup...van and antenna, is transported to a place in space where there is negligible capacitance to the earth. Is it your contention that the setup would operate any differently? # The Earth is in the space and the entire setup also. # The both need "neutralization" like the space-vehicle: # "Other proposed applications of large-area field emission sources[39] # include microwave generation, space-vehicle neutralization" # From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_electron_emission # # " Where the electrons are compacted the electrons tend to push each other # off. Where there # is a deficit of electrons, electrons are attracted from other sources". # # In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). # S* And if the van/antenna had been constructed on another planet before being sent into space, is the earth still required or just the other planet? Each piece in the space is neutralized by the rare plazma. S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"W5DXP" napisal w wiadomosci ... On Monday, June 25, 2012 12:18:08 PM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote: In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). If electrons permeated space, all planets would be at the same electric potential but we know they are not. Where can I find the planet potentials? S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Boomer" napisal w wiadomosci ... On 6/25/2012 8:12 AM, W5DXP wrote: On Monday, June 25, 2012 2:23:22 AM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote: The floor of the van is the plate and the surface of the Earth is the second plate. How about the capacitors and antennas on Voyager I and II which are still operating at the edge of the solar system? -- 73, Cecil, w5dxp.com You see the Voyager I and II use their metal structure as one plate of a capacitor connecting to earth. The space between is the dielectric, The dielectric is in the textbooks. In real space is the rare plazma (conductor). " Since plasmas contain equal numbers of electrons and ions, they are electrically neutral overall and thus electric fields play a lesser dynamical role. Because plasmas are highly conductive, any charge imbalances are readily neutralised." "Norwegian explorer and physicist Kristian Birkeland may have been the first to predict that space is filled with plasma. He wrote in 1913: "It seems to be a natural consequence of our points of view to assume that the whole of space is filled with electrons and flying electric ions of all kinds. We have assumed that each stellar system in evolutions throws off electric corpuscles into space. It does not seem unreasonable therefore to think that the greater part of the material masses in the universe is found, not in the solar systems or nebulae, but in "empty" space."[1][" From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_plasma S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message .. . "Wayne" napisal w wiadomosci ... "Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... Just as a mental exercise, assume that the entire setup...van and antenna, is transported to a place in space where there is negligible capacitance to the earth. Is it your contention that the setup would operate any differently? # The Earth is in the space and the entire setup also. # The both need "neutralization" like the space-vehicle: # "Other proposed applications of large-area field emission sources[39] # include microwave generation, space-vehicle neutralization" # From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_electron_emission # # " Where the electrons are compacted the electrons tend to push each other # off. Where there # is a deficit of electrons, electrons are attracted from other sources". # # In space is the Solar wind (ions and electrons). # S* And if the van/antenna had been constructed on another planet before being sent into space, is the earth still required or just the other planet? # Each piece in the space is neutralized by the rare plazma. # S* Thanks. Your answer confirms many of my suspicions. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On 6/22/2012 7:54 PM, tom wrote:
On 6/22/2012 10:20 AM, Szczepan Bialek wrote: "Sal M. napisał w wiadomości ... (Last year, I used a 20m dipole at 30 feet, operating out of my van. Everything floated above ground without incident and many QSOs.) I value your opiniion. In Marconi opinion: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_priz...ni-lecture.pdf "By "connected to earth" I do not necessarily mean an ordinary metallic connection as used for ordinary wire telegraphs. The earth wire may have a condenser in series with it, or it may be connected to what is really equivalent, a capacity area placed close to the surface of the ground (Fig. 4). It is now perfectly well known that a condenser, if large enough, does not prevent the passage of high frequency oscillations, and therefore in these cases the earth is for all practical purposes connected to the antennae." And Wiki: "The use of the term ground (or earth) is so common in electrical and electronics applications that circuits in portable electronic devices such as cell phones and media players as well as circuits in vehicles such as ships, aircraft, and spacecraft may be spoken of as having a "ground" connection without any actual connection to the Earth. This is usually a large conductor attached to one side of the power supply (such as the "ground plane" on a printed circuit board) which serves as the common return path for current from many different components in the circuit." From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity) S* And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? I am going to love this answer. tom K0TAR |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On 6/24/2012 10:59 AM, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
napisał w wiadomości ... "Szczepan wrote in message .. . All time the electrons flow to or from the ground. Note the statement "makes it easier for a current to flow between the plates". That's "between the plates" and not "flow to earth". The Earth surface works as the plate. And so it will have delay related to the transmitted frequency. So that part will be predictable. But you won't have a clue as to how it works, as usual. tom K0TAR |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On 6/23/2012 10:37 AM, Ian wrote:
Hi folks. snip Please excuse my tryping terrors - they are merely the random movement of Aha! You admit you are a trerrorist! tom K0TAR 73, Ian. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On Wed, 27 Jun 2012 22:26:05 -0500, tom wrote:
On 6/22/2012 10:20 AM, Szczepan Bialek wrote: snip And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? Been watching this for awhile. I think this guy may be the king of trolls. He's had you guys going for weeks now... |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
AJL wrote:
On Wed, 27 Jun 2012 22:26:05 -0500, tom wrote: On 6/22/2012 10:20 AM, Szczepan Bialek wrote: snip And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? Been watching this for awhile. I think this guy may be the king of trolls. He's had you guys going for weeks now... He's been posting the same idiotic crap to multiple groups for years now. I don't think he is a troll, I think he really is that stupid. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"W5DXP" wrote in message ... If electrons permeated space, all planets would be at the same electric potential but we know they are not. How do you explain that? Hi Do you have any links about the relative potential of planets ? I have always been wondering what would my meter indicate if connected between an earth and a moon terminals. On the other hand electrons move quite easily in vacum this was used in radio not so long ago. But of course much slowly than electromagnetic waves. --- Posted via news://freenews.netfront.net/ - Complaints to --- |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"tom" napisal w wiadomosci . net... And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? I am going to love this answer. Light (and radio waves) are the oscillatory flow of electrons (L. Lorenz 1869). Glass, ice and water are insulators. As you probably know the wires insulated with the water do not work. It is the wave lenght dependent. S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
Szczepan Bialek wrote:
"tom" napisal w wiadomosci . net... And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? I am going to love this answer. Light (and radio waves) are the oscillatory flow of electrons (L. Lorenz 1869). Glass, ice and water are insulators. Oh, that must be why light and radio waves do not pass through glass! |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"bilou" napisał w wiadomości ... "W5DXP" wrote in message ... If electrons permeated space, all planets would be at the same electric potential but we know they are not. How do you explain that? Hi Do you have any links about the relative potential of planets ? I have always been wondering what would my meter indicate if connected between an earth and a moon terminals. On the other hand electrons move quite easily in vacum this was used in radio not so long ago. But of course much slowly than electromagnetic waves. In telegraph wire the electrons travel (as the disturbance) with the speed of light. The same is in the space. The disturbance always travel with the speed of light. And all waves transport the mass (medium). In the our case the electrons. But in medium are aso the winds. The speeds of them is "of course much slowly than electromagnetic waves." So in the space are the oscillatory flow of electrons and the electron wind. S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Rob" napisał w wiadomości ... Szczepan Bialek wrote: "tom" napisal w wiadomosci . net... And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? I am going to love this answer. Light (and radio waves) are the oscillatory flow of electrons (L. Lorenz 1869). Glass, ice and water are insulators. Oh, that must be why light and radio waves do not pass through glass! Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass. For infrared you must use the NaCl. And for UV the quartz. "It is the wave length dependent." S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
Szczepan Bialek wrote:
"Rob" napisaÂł w wiadomoÂści ... Szczepan Bialek wrote: "tom" napisal w wiadomosci . net... And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? I am going to love this answer. Light (and radio waves) are the oscillatory flow of electrons (L. Lorenz 1869). Glass, ice and water are insulators. Oh, that must be why light and radio waves do not pass through glass! Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass. For infrared you must use the NaCl. And for UV the quartz. "It is the wave length dependent." S* Yes, but that is because it does not work the way you think it does. When it was just a matter of flow of electrons, any insulator would block the waves. The fact that some waves can pass through an insulator clearly shows that those waves are not an oscillatory flow of electrons. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"AJL" wrote in message
... On Wed, 27 Jun 2012 22:26:05 -0500, tom wrote: On 6/22/2012 10:20 AM, Szczepan Bialek wrote: snip And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? Been watching this for awhile. I think this guy may be the king of trolls. He's had you guys going for weeks now... As the well-known expression says "it's good for a giggle". Well, it is well known in the UK. We have had some good discussions. 73, Ian. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message
.. . "tom" napisal w wiadomosci . net... And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? I am going to love this answer. Light (and radio waves) are the oscillatory flow of electrons (L. Lorenz 1869). Glass, ice and water are insulators. As you probably know the wires insulated with the water do not work. It is the wave lenght dependent. S* Sadly, Szczepan is around 25 years too late to be a script writer for a "Carry On" film. We've also lost Stanley Unwin who would doubtless have enjoyed Szczepan's Gobbledygook, not only because Unwin was a comedian but also because he knew a bit about transmitters. ttfn, Ian. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message
.. . Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass. For infrared you must use the NaCl. And for UV the quartz. "It is the wave length dependent." S* Szczepan, this news that "Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass" should be passed to Canon and Nikon and other manufacturers of digital cameras who fit infrared filters onto their sensors. They do not know that infrared will not reach the sensor, having been stopped by all the glass in the lens. According to Wikipedia, glass is approximately 75% SiO2. Quartz is SiO2. Regards, Ian. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
Ian wrote:
According to Wikipedia, glass is approximately 75% SiO2. Quartz is SiO2. The use of fused quartz for UV and salt for IR is actually something he is right about. Ordinary glass only passes a small amount of UV close to the visual spectrum. Lenses that go far into the ultraviolet are made using fused quartz and fluorite elements. (This combination gives excellent broadband colour correction so such lenses are also used for near-infrared.) Ordinary glass passes a fair bit of the IR spectrum but salt passes much longer wave IR than glass does. Peter. -- |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message ... In telegraph wire the electrons travel (as the disturbance) with the speed of light. The same is in the space. The disturbance always travel with the speed of light. Electrons and what you call "the disturbance' are completely different things. Nothing with a mass can travel at the speed of light. Even in high vacuum tubes electrons travel much slower than the speed of light And this creates lots of problems. Around an atom of hydrogen the electron travels at less than 1% of the speed of light. http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasc...9/phy99092.htm |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On Thursday, June 28, 2012 2:25:08 AM UTC-5, bilou wrote:
Do you have any links about the relative potential of planets ? I have a book that is still packed from my latest move. The theory is that since charged particles from the sun result in an electric current and since planets with varying characteristics (distance, size, magnetic field, etc, deflect charged particles differently, the charge on varying planets must necessarily be different. Space probes have measured the electric potential near planets and moons and one has been damaged by the intense electric fields near a moon but not in space. But think about it. Since the electric potential is not the same at different points on earth, it is likely impossible to be a fixed value anywhere else. (There are lightning discharges on the surface of Jupiter.) On the other hand electrons move quite easily in vacuum this was used in radio not so long ago. Space probes have measured the density of free electrons in space. There are simply not enough electrons there to call space a conductor. There is something there, for sure, but it is not conventional matter. Apparently, the "aether" consists of dark matter. -- 73, Cecil, w5dxp.com |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On Thursday, June 28, 2012 2:46:10 AM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
In telegraph wire the electrons travel (as the disturbance) with the speed of light. The "disturbance", which is a DC transient condition, has been proven by measuring instruments to consist of photons. All AC, RF, and transient (disturbance) DC phenomena (within a telegraph wire) involve photons that are emitted and absorbed by electrons, which act as a sort of bucket brigade for the photons. If something travels at the speed of light in the medium, it cannot be an electron. A single electron, traveling at the speed of light, would collapse the universe. -- 73, Cecil, w5dxp.com |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On Thursday, June 28, 2012 8:17:25 AM UTC-5, Laurent Blin wrote:
Around an atom of hydrogen the electron travels at less than 1% of the speed of light. In a 1 mm telegraph wire carrying 3 amps of DC, an electron travels at a velocity of about one meter per hour. I can walk 3000 times faster than that. It's time to come to grips with electron particles containing mass vs speed of light functions. I earlier said an electron traveling at the speed of light would collapse "the" universe. I should have said: collapse "its" universe. -- 73, Cecil, w5dxp.com |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Jeff" napisal w wiadomosci ... Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass. Is that why your greenhouse stays cool on a sunny day?? Almost all energy is in visible light. In greenhouse it is reworked into heat. But the warm interior radiate the infrared. Such can not escape through the glass. In the result my greenhouse stays hot on a sunny day. S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"Szczepan Bialek" wrote in message
... "Jeff" napisal w wiadomosci ... Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass. Is that why your greenhouse stays cool on a sunny day?? Almost all energy is in visible light. In greenhouse it is reworked into heat. But the warm interior radiate the infrared. Such can not escape through the glass. In the result my greenhouse stays hot on a sunny day. S* Hello Jeff. I am now checking the front of my camera lens. Yes - there's a UV filter on it. Wonder why? Best wishes, Ian. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
Szczepan Bialek wrote:
"Jeff" napisal w wiadomosci ... Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass. Is that why your greenhouse stays cool on a sunny day?? Almost all energy is in visible light. In greenhouse it is reworked into heat. But the warm interior radiate the infrared. Such can not escape through the glass. In the result my greenhouse stays hot on a sunny day. S* Yet more babbling, word salad nonsense from the poster boy for Polish jokes. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On 6/28/2012 2:25 AM, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
napisal w wiadomosci . net... And of course there is the real problem. If he claims antennas work by radiating electrons, why do insulated wires work? I am going to love this answer. Light (and radio waves) are the oscillatory flow of electrons (L. Lorenz 1869). Glass, ice and water are insulators. As you probably know the wires insulated with the water do not work. Yes they do actually. You can also put salt water in an insulating glass tube and use it as an antenna. It is the wave lenght dependent. What is? S* You did not answer the question. I will restate it. How can a wire that is completely insulated with respect to electrons radiate an RF signal? An additional question. Since radio waves, according to you, are made up of electrons, how do radios receive and transmit inside building which are made of insulating and nonconducting glass and concrete? tom K0TAR |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On 6/28/2012 12:21 PM, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
napisal w wiadomosci ... Infrared and UV light do not pass through glass. Is that why your greenhouse stays cool on a sunny day?? Almost all energy is in visible light. Not true. |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"tom" napisal w wiadomosci . net... On 6/28/2012 2:25 AM, Szczepan Bialek wrote: Light (and radio waves) are the oscillatory flow of electrons (L. Lorenz 1869). Glass, ice and water are insulators. As you probably know the wires insulated with the water do not work. Yes they do actually. A wire coated with the melting ice do not work. You can also put salt water in an insulating glass tube and use it as an antenna. Is it used by U-boots? It is the wave lenght dependent. What is? In the salt water works only the ULF. You did not answer the question. I will restate it. How can a wire that is completely insulated with respect to electrons radiate an RF signal? No insulators to make a wire that is completely insulated with respect to electrons. It is the material, thickness and frequency dependent. An additional question. Since radio waves, according to you, are made up of electrons, how do radios receive and transmit inside building which are made of insulating and nonconducting glass and concrete? Light (and radio waves) are made up of electrons, according to Faraday, L. Lorentz, Tesla and Dirac. The conductance is the frequency dependent. The light travel in the glass fibre but do not travel in a copper wire. S* |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On Thursday, June 28, 2012 12:21:12 PM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
Almost all energy is in visible light. Actually, most EM energy is above and below the very limited visible spectrum and EM energy is only one of many types of energy. You would not be able to survive close proximity to the gamma rays from a pulsar long enough to see where they were coming from. -- 73, Cecil, w5dxp.com |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
On Friday, June 29, 2012 2:38:18 AM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote:
Light (and radio waves) are made up of electrons, according to Faraday, L. Lorentz, Tesla and Dirac. Please find a time machine and go back to the time when physicists were so ignorant that they believed such nonsense. -- 73, Cecil, w5dxp.com |
loop antennas and noise suppresion
"W5DXP" napisal w wiadomosci ... On Thursday, June 28, 2012 12:21:12 PM UTC-5, Szczepan Bialek wrote: Almost all energy is in visible light. Actually, most EM energy is above and below the very limited visible spectrum and EM energy is only one of many types of energy. You would not be able to survive close proximity to the gamma rays from a pulsar long enough to see where they were coming from. In Jeff greenhouse no rays from a pulsar. S* |
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