Amateur Radio Newsline=E2=84=A2 Report 1380 =E2=80=93 January 23, 2004

CLOSED CIRCUIT ADVISORY

This is Andy Jarema, N6TCQ, Newsline Support Fund Administrator. We haven=
't
asked for quite some time, but we need contributions TODAY. If you value =
this
service, please help.

We're here to serve you for as long as you want us. Your response over th=
e next
several weeks will provide that answer.

The address for the Amateur Radio Newsline is Post Office Box 660937, Arc=
adia
California, 91066.

Looking forward to hearing from you REALLY soon, I'm Andy Jarema, N6TCQ.

**

Amateur Radio Newsline report number 1380 with a release date of Friday,
January 23, 2004 to follow in 5-4-3-2-1. =20
=20
The following is a Q-S-T. The ARRL says that it will petition the FCC fo=
r a
code free entry level license with high frequency phone privileges and Am=
ateur
Radio Neewsline announces the Roy Neal, K6DUE, Amateur Radio Mentoring Pr=
oject.
These stories and more coming your way on Amateur Radio Newsline report =
number
1380 coming your way right now.


(Billboard Cart Here)=20
=20
**

HAM RADIO POLITICS: A NEW DIRECTION

Topping the news this week -- honoring one of our own. Enlisting an army=
of
volunteers to make us all a little bit better -- and doing it in the name=
of
the late Roy Neal, K6DUE. But first -- the biggest organization of Amate=
ur
Radio operators in the world finally takes a position on the code versus
no-code issue. The ARRL is asking the FCC in a petition for rulemaking t=
o
create a no code entry level H-F license for anyone who can successfully =
pass a
written exam of a mere 25 questions. If the FCC accepts the ARRL idea, i=
t
would keep the more stringent requirements for the Amateur Extra Class li=
cense,
including their ability to send and receive Morse code. Amateur Radio
Newsline=E2=80=99s David Black, KB4KCH, takes a look at the details of wh=
at the ARRL
is asking the FCC to do:

--
Code free access to ham radio's high frequency bands ... it's part of wha=
t
could change amateur radio's complexion forever. And it could become rea=
lity.=20
The ARRL says it will ask the FCC to make sweeping changes to the United =
States
amateur radio service. Perhaps the biggest change of all: Creating a new=
entry
level ham radio license that grants access to high frequencies without
requiring any Morse code proficiency. =20

But that's not all. The League also proposes consolidating all amateur r=
adio
licenses into three classes: Novice, as it's being called for now, Genera=
l and
the highest level, Extra. And only the Extra class license would require=
Morse
code proficiency--of 5 words per minute. The new Novice license would re=
quire
a 25-question written test and would offer limited HF, Morse code, data a=
nd
phone and image privileges on 80, 40, 15 and 10 meters. Novices would al=
so
have VHF and UHF privileges, including access to 6 meters and 2 meters. =
Their
power levels would be restricted to 100 watts on 80, 40 and 15 meters, an=
d to
50 watts on 10 meters and higher.

The middle amateur radio license would continue to be the General, but it=
would
include all current Technician, Tech Plus and present General license hol=
ders.=20
This license would not require a Morse code test. Under this proposal, i=
f you
are a current Technician or Technician Plus, you would automatically obta=
in
General class privileges with no additional testing. The current General
examination would remain unchanged for new applicants.

The third license class, the Extra, would involve the fewest changes. Un=
der
the League proposal, hams with Advanced class licenses would essentially
automatically become Extra class because of similarities in the technical
proficiency required for both levels. New applicants for the Extra class
license would have to pass a 5 word-per-minute code test--the written tes=
t
would stay as is. If you're currently a Novice, Tech Plus or General lic=
ense
holder, you would receive a lifetime 5 word-per-minute credit.

The proposed changes got the blessing of ARRL's Board of Directors Januar=
y
16th. The proposals are the creation of a League Executive Committee act=
ing at
the Board's direction. The new structure suggestions come as a result to
changes in international radio regulations that are part of the World
Radiocommunication Conference 2003. At the same time, the FCC has been w=
anting
to streamline the amateur radio licensing structure which it began more t=
han
five years ago.

How do radio amateurs feel about the changes? Reaction is mixed:

--
Janice Rock AF4LT - Audio Only Report: Please listen to audio version of
newscast.
--

Janice Rock, AF4LT, sees benefits and drawbacks:

--
Janice Rock AF4LT - Audio Only Report: Please listen to audio version of
newscast.
--

Supporters say the new structure offers a true entry level license with H=
F
privileges that should boost growth in the amateur radio service. While =
some
hams may claim that taking away code for HF access damages amateur radio,=
other
hams dispute that. Bill Levey, WA4FAT:

--
Bill Levey, WA4FAT - Audio Only Report: Please listen to audio version o=
f
newscast.
--

Supporters say the changes will help amateur radio by allowing new Novice=
s to
participate in emergency nets on HF sideband. The impact of this propos=
al on
amateur radio's long term future has Janice Rock concerned for another re=
ason:

--
Janice Rock AF4LT - Audio Only Report: Please listen to audio version of
newscast.
--

League Executive Vice President David Sumner K1ZZ says the Novice class l=
icense
could wind up getting a new name, more appropriate for the times -- this,=
as
amateur radio faces what could be one of the biggest changes in its histo=
ry.

From Birmingham, Alabama, I=E2=80=99m David Black, KB4KCH for the Amateur=
Radio
Newsline.

--

More is in cyberspace at the League=E2=80=99s website. You will find it =
at
www.arrl.org (ARRL, ARNewsline(tm))

**

RESCUE RADIO: NYC ARES ACTIVATES FOR COLD WEATHER

The New York City District Amateur Radio Emergency Service was called int=
o
action last Wednesday evening, January 14 th. This, after the American R=
ed
Cross of Greater New York contacted Mike Lisenco N2YBB. Lisenco is the
District Emergency Coordinator for ARES and the message was clear: Call
together the members of ARES to provide emergency communications between =
the
warming centers being established in the five boroughs and Red Cross
headquarters in Manhattan. =20

--

Lisenco: =E2=80=9COnce I received the phone call from the coordinator of=
disaster
volunteers at the Red Cross of greater New York, the first thing that I d=
id was
to call the five EC=E2=80=99s we have here in New York City. Each boroug=
h which
constitutes a county has its own EC. In turn they called their people lo=
oking
staff the shelters.=E2=80=9D

--

By the next morning, New York City District ARES Emergency Coordinators h=
ad
more than a dozen Amateur Radio operators on standby awaiting the activat=
ion.=20
Friday evening they went into action after Mayor Bloomberg announced the
shelter openings. The ARES radio operators manned their posts throughout=
the
operation, which lasted the better part of a day during some of the most =
frigid
weather ever recorded in the Big Apple. The hams finally stood down on
Saturday afternoon. =20

This is not the first time that New York City District ARES has provided
critical communications for emergencies. They were active with the oil b=
arge
explosion at Port Mobile on Staten Island, the Northeast Blackout in Augu=
st
2003 and did heroic work following the terrorist attacks of September 11,=
2001.
(ARNewsline(tm), NYC ARES)


**

Break 1

Stay tuned for the details on one of amateur radios most ambitious mentor=
ing
projects. It=E2=80=99s coming up later in the newscast, but first From th=
e United
States of America, we are the Amateur Radio Newsline, heard on bulletin
stations around the world including the Peace River Repeater Associations
systems serving Punta Gorda Florida.

(5 sec pause here)


**


ANNOUNCING THE ROY NEAL, K6DUE, AMATEUR RADIO MENTORING PROJECT

Amateur Radio Newsline is paying tribute its late vice president, Roy Nea=
l,
K6DUE, by naming an ongoing mentoring program in his honor. Roy became a
silent key last August after surgery. He was 82.

The Roy Neal, K6DUE, Amateur Radio Mentoring Project is designed to pair =
new
hams -- often called =E2=80=9Cnewbies=E2=80=9D -- with veteran amateurs. =
This, in the hope
that some of the established hams=E2=80=99 operator skills can be passed =
down to new
generations. =20

--

Pasternak: =E2=80=9Cere is a long tradition of mentoring, often called
=E2=80=9Celmering,=E2=80=9D in Amateur Radio. No one knows the origin of=
the term, but the
first teacher might well have been named =E2=80=9CElmer.=E2=80=9D My men=
tor was a guy
named Charlie Zussman. Back in the 1950=E2=80=99s he was WA2AKX. Today =
he=E2=80=99s WE2R.
And his helping me become a ham has lead to a friendship that has lasted=
a
lifetime. What he taught me was that tradition is an important part of t=
he
hobby.

--

That=E2=80=99s Bill Pasternak, WA6ITF, who has produced these newscasts s=
ince 1977.=20
He and the Newsline Board of Directors came up with the idea for this pro=
ject.=20
Bill says that ham radio has become a tremendously complex arena and new =
hams
often don=E2=80=99t know where to turn for help:

--

Pasternak: =E2=80=9CWe have licensed hams who are truly experts in numero=
us fields
ranging from bouncing radio signals off the moon, to writing complicated
software which enables new forms of two-way communication. We want to ta=
ke
advantage of that knowledge base to help newcommers.=E2=80=9D

--
=09
While Amateur Radio includes world-class experts in a number of specialti=
es,
there are literally thousands of hams who have operating skills also wort=
hy of
passing on. For example, contesting is very popular, yet it is a tough n=
ut to
crack for a beginner. =20

--

Pasternak: =E2=80=9CContesting is intimidating. I know. I=E2=80=99m ju=
st getting
started. Good contest operators often are able to contact four stations =
per
minute for hours at a time. The great ones do even better than that. Ho=
w they
are able to do that is a skill that should be passed on to newcommers.=E2=
=80=9D

--

Two large pools of Amateurs are needed to make this mentoring project wor=
k.=20
First, there must be a group of volunteers who have a skill and are willi=
ng to
share their time. The second group is made up of the large number of beg=
inners
who want to learn.

One of the nations top mentors, kit building expert Joe Eisenberg, K0NEB,=
has
agreed to help set up databases and to begin the process of matching ment=
ors
with beginners. All we need to know is if you need assistance or if you =
are
able to mentor others. We also need your name, call letters, address wit=
h
zipcode, phone number, e-mail and when its best call.
=09
The special e-mail address to register is .

Mentors might be matched by zipcode =E2=80=93 and be in the same town, or=
they might
be half-way around the world from each other and communicate by e-mail. =
Either
way I think we can make it work.

--

Pasternak: =E2=80=9CThe project=E2=80=99s namesake, Roy Neal, K6DUE, was=
himself a mentor
and not only in ham radio. I know this first hand because he is the one =
who
taught me to become a better writer and producer.=20

More important: Those of us who knew Roy, also know that helping others =
was a
very important part of his life. As such. we feel that the least that we=
here
at Amateur Radio Newsline can do is keep his memory alive with this proje=
ct.=E2=80=9D

--

Again, that e-mail address to register for the Roy Neal, K6DUE, Amateur R=
adio
Mentoring Project is More information is on our we=
bsite
at www.arnewsline.org

And Roy, old buddy, this one is for you! (ARNewsline(tm), W6RCL)

**

THE BPL FIGHT: NORTH CAROLINA HAMS MEET WITH POWER PROVIDERS

Slow but steady progress in dealing with the imminent release of Broadban=
d over
Poweerlines in North Carolina. Gary Pearce, KN4AQ, is here with mo

--

Progress Energy fulfilled their promise to North Carolina Amateur Radio
operators and invited several Raleigh area hams to observe their new Phas=
e II
BPL trial in a rural subdivision south of the city on January 15th. =20

BPL =E2=80=93 Broadband over Power Lines =E2=80=93 is a system for delive=
ring high speed
Internet through neighborhoods and into homes and businesses via the powe=
r
lines. The technology places radio frequency signals on the power lines =
in
parts of the spectrum between 2 and 80 MHz. Those signals radiate to som=
e
extent, and can cause interference to a receiver in the vicinity of the p=
ower
lines. Naturally this has become cause for great concern among hams worl=
dwide.

In Raleigh, three ham radio operators met with engineers for both Progres=
s
Energy and Amperion, the equipment manufacturer. Two of the Progress Ene=
rgy
engineers were also hams. =20

The BPL trial consisted of a half-mile of overhead feeder along a highway=
, and
a few dozen homes passed by buried power lines. A =E2=80=9Crepeater=E2=80=
=9D amplified
the signal about every other block. =20

We were particularly interested in the spectrum used. We learned that ea=
ch run
of BPL, from repeater to repeater, uses two blocks of spectrum, 2.5 and 3=
..5 MHz
wide. At each repeater, a different block of spectrum is required. =20

The overhead feeder segment in this trial used spectrum blocks around 25 =
and 29
MHz. We listened with mobile equipment driving on the road adjacent to t=
he
power line, and received S-9 signals in the immediate vicinity of the lin=
e that
sounded like this when tuning across the 10 meter band:

--
[audio clip of BPL signal]
--

The signal fell off quickly when driving away from the line, but a ham at=
a
home station almost a mile away heard the 10-meter BPL signal about S-6 u=
sing
an 80-meter dipole antenna. =20

Amperion says a Network Operation Center can move any repeater to another=
block
of spectrum, or notch part of a block by remote control, to eliminate
interference, but they were unable to demonstrate that for our test. =20

Even with that flexibility, fitting 3.5 MHz wide blocks of energy in betw=
een
ham bands would be a delicate jigsaw puzzle. That much =E2=80=9Cempty=E2=
=80=9D spectrum
exists only between the 30, 20 and 17-meter bands, and it=E2=80=99s empty=
only from
the perspective of Amateur Radio.

Skip could completely upset the equation. BPL signals, which are similar=
to
very low power QRP Amateur signals, could reflect off the ionosphere and =
appear
hundreds or thousands of miles away. The energy of one isolated trial ar=
ea
might not have much impact, but a mature nationwide system with hundreds =
or
even thousands of installations using the same spectrum blocks could be a=
very
different story.

Yet to come in BPL is a comprehensive report from the NTIA; an FCC Notice=
of
Proposed Rulemaking for changes in Part 15, based on last year=E2=80=99s =
Notice of
Inquiry; and a decision by your local utility about getting involved in B=
PL.

Reporting for Newsline, this is Gary Pearce KN4AQ in Raleigh, North Carol=
ina

--

The hams at the test included Wake County ARES E-C Tom Brown, N4TAB, Tech=
nical
Specialist Frank Lynch, W4FAL, and reporter Gary Pearce, KN4AQ.=20
(ARNewsline(tm))

**


NAMES IN THE NEWS: K1IGD NAMED NEW QCWA GENERAL MANAGER

Chuck Walbridge, K1IGD is the new General Manager of the Quarter Century
Wireless Association. Walbridge is already at work and has set up a new =
postal
address. You now write to QCWA at PO Box 3247, Framingham, Massachusette=
s,=20
01705. He can be reached by e-mail to (E-Mail)

**

RADIO LAW: CA COMMERCIAL SITE OWNER LOSES A ROUND IN BATTLE OVER ANTENNA=
FARM

Commercial mobile radio service provider James A. Kay has been dealt a se=
tback
by a California state appellate panel. The court has upheld a superior c=
ourt
finding that the antenna farm Kay maintains at his Rancho Palos Verdes ho=
me is
not exempt from city permit requirements. =20

Late word is that Kay is continuing his fight with the city. This, even
though he obtained permits for two of his 20 antennas with the condition =
that
he remove the others. More is on-line at=20
http://www.dailybreeze.com/content/news/nmpntenna7.html (CGC)

**

HAMFESTS AND CONVENTIONS: GAINSVILLE FL. IN APRIL

Looking ahead in the social calendar we find the Gainesville Hamfest slat=
ed for
April 24th and 25th at the Leach County Fair Grounds near GAINSVILLE Flor=
ida.=20
The event will feature fun, food, prizes, tailgate selling , camping, ham=
radio
testing and lots more. For more information write to GARS, PO Box 14038=
3,
Gainesville, Florida 32614, or visit www.gars.net/hamfest on the world wi=
de
web. (E-Mail)

**

HAMFESTS AND CONVENTIONS: THE AES SUPERFEST IN APRIL

Molly Schreiber of Amateur Electronic Supply says that now is the time to
schedule your organization for a display at the 2004 AES Superfest. =20

Molly says that the new web pages are up and running. Just go to
www.aesham.com, select MENU from the right-hand side bar and click SUPERF=
EST in
the menu listing on the page that appears.

After that all; you need do is click on RADIO CLUB REGISTRATION. After
registering your organization, you will receive a conformation E-mail wit=
h the
confirmation and itinerary. =20

Molly adds that the deadline for signing up is March 1st. Superfest 2004=
is
slated for April 2nd and 3rd at the A-E-S location at 5710 W. Good Hope R=
oad in
Milwaukee Wisconsin. (AES)

**


BREAK 2

This is ham radio news for today=E2=80=99s radio amateur. From the Unite=
d States of
America, We are the Amateur Radio Newsline with links to the world from o=
ur
only official website at www.arnewsline.org and being relayed by the volu=
nteer
services of the following radio amateur:

(5 sec pause here)

**
HAMVENTION 2004: THE HAMVENTION =E2=80=9CSHOPPING CART=E2=80=9D

Hamvention 2004 says that it is now accepting VISA, MasterCard, American
Express and Discover Cards for tickets, booth spaces and flea market spac=
es.=20
This, using its brand new on-line =E2=80=9CShopping Cart." =20

Planners say that this is a simple and secure way to set up your personal
Hamvention experience and assures that you can get what you want. And yo=
u can
do it all without having to ever leave your home.

The Hamvention "Shopping Cart" is located in cyberspace at=20
www.w8bi.org/hamvention/shop.html. When the page loads, click on the gre=
en box
with the words: "Enter The Shopping Cart" and take a look at what=E2=80=99=
s being
offered over the world-wide-web. =20

This years Hamvention dates are May 14th, 15th and 16th. The venue is th=
e HARA
Arena in the Dayton suburb of Trotwood Ohio. (Hamvention)

**

SYMPOSIUMS: CSVHFS IN JULY IN CANADA

The 38th annual Central States VHF Society Conference will be held July 2=
2nd to
the 25th and planners are already seeking presenters of technical talks t=
hat
will also be published in the conference proceedings. =20

The deadline for submitting final papers will be May 1st. This years gat=
hering
will be held at the Delta Meadowvale Resort and Conference Centre in
Mississauga Ontario, Canada not far from Toronto. More information on th=
e
event and the need for speakers is available from Bob Morton, VE3BFM. Hi=
s
e-mail is (CSVHFS)
=20
**

HAM RADIO IN SPACE: ECHO TEAM REPORTS PROGRESS

AMSAT North America reports that work on the Echo satellite is progressin=
g
smoothly. According to the ham radio space agency, an integration and te=
sting
team lead by Jim White, WD0E, and Mike Kingery, KE4AZN, was 2003 at Space=
Quest
in December. SpaceQuest is in Virginia and during the initial satellite
integration session, about 90% of Echo's hardware was successfully tested=
.. =20
Also, most of the telemetry calibration was accomplished. Especially enc=
ourage
is word that the new experimental L-band receiver and S-band transmitter
functioned well during their first tests.

For more information on the progress of this new bird take your web brows=
der
over top see www.amsat.org and take the "Echo Project Info" link. (AMSAT=
--NA)

**


INTERNATIONAL - CANADA: NEW ONTARIO SM

Radio Amateurs of Canada reports that Robert McKenzie, VE3SJQ, has steppe=
d down
as Ontario Section Manager. His replacement is Rose Scholtyssek, VE3RIS.
Scholtyssek=E2=80=99s E-mail is (RAC)

**

DX

In D-X, word that F6FXS will be active as FG/F6FXS from Guadeloupe throug=
h the
13th of February. He will operate on 40, 30, 20, 15 and 10 metres on CW o=
nly.=20
Look for him between 13.00 and 14.00 and again from 22.00 to 24.00 UTC. =
Q-S-L
as directed on the air.

And GB4BLC, standing for 'Bedworth Lions Club', is being operated by Bria=
n,
G8GMU, until the 29th of January to raise awareness of the work of Lions
International. (Varios DX sources)

**

THAT FINAL ITEM: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF K2ORS

And finally this week, a new book is in the works about a broadcast legen=
d who
also happened to be a ham radio operator. Take a listen:

--
Shep: =E2=80=9CWell there I am playing that character deep in the jungle=
.. We have
$400,000 of camera equipment that=E2=80=99s being eaten by mosquitoes. T=
hey eat
Betamax cameras. You don=E2=80=99t know about the tropics. Leaches are =
coming up
the tripods, when a runner comes down the beach. He=E2=80=99s a Chumaro =
Indian. =20

He=E2=80=99s running. He=E2=80=99s sweating. He arrives in the clearing=
.. This is exactly
what happened. =20

The Director is standing there. He=E2=80=99s sweating and saying: ‘=
....damn, we got
to get this.=E2=80=99 We kept trying to clean the lens off. It was a to=
ugh shoot.

And this Chumaro runner comes up and he=E2=80=99s saying; ‘Messag=
e. Message.=E2=80=9D=20
He has a message. The Director looks at it and he hands it to me and the
message said -- and I quote: ‘...The Dayton Hamvention called. T=
hey want you
to speak this spring.=E2=80=99

I said: ‘For cripes sake, how did they know I was in the jungle=E2=
=80=99=20
(laughter)=E2=80=9D

--

That was the late Gene Shepherd, K2ORS, speaking at the Dayton Hamvention
several years ago. Shep as he liked to be called, passed away in 1999. =
Now,
author Eugene Bergmann has set to work writing the definitive book about =
the
ham who invented talk radio. In a recent interview with Amateur Radio
Newsline, he told us why:

--

Bergmann: =E2=80=9CWell I first started listening to Jean Shepherd way b=
ack in ‘56
when I was in college and I think what he had to say and the way he said =
it
affected my thinking for the rest of my life. Soon after he died I reali=
zed
how important he was to my way of thinking. That he was like an old frie=
nd. I
got more and more involved in learning more about him and I finally decid=
ed
that I had to write a book about his art.=E2=80=9D

--

In writing his book, Eugene Bergmann wants to make certain that every asp=
ect of
Shep=E2=80=99s life and career is accounted for, including his love of ha=
m radio.=20
And a love it was as in this very rare recording where he accurately pred=
icted
the explosive growth in F-M and repeaters in general and one New York Cit=
y
machine in particular:

--

Shep: =E2=80=9CI don=E2=80=99t think you guys who sit around every night =
like you do
recognize the already legandary status of this repeater outside of this a=
rea.=20
I just came back from a trip from the Canadian border and all the way dow=
n
through New England and way up in the Northern part of Maine I worked guy=
s and
the one thing that they all talked about was SUR (WA2SUR). And they real=
ly was
a quality of ‘wow=E2=80=99 in their voice. I think that in anoth=
er ten years
there=E2=80=99s no telling how immense this repeater will be and what a s=
tructure it
will be. I am very serious when I say this. I think we are in the begi=
nning
of a thing here and I think that ultimately 25 years from now people will=
look
back on the early two meter guys like us -- we=E2=80=99re considered earl=
y guys now
-- with a legendary awe. You know, with a quality of awe, like ‘=
my god --=20
they started it all.=E2=80=9D

--

That was recorded way back the evening of June 21st 1972 over the then W=
A2SUR
repeater in New York City. K2ORS was right on in his F-M and repeater g=
rowth
forecast. Bergmann says that=E2=80=99s the kind of he plans to include:

--

Bergmann: =E2=80=9CIn May of 1968 in one of his broadcasts he said: =E2=80=
=98...I became at
the age of ten, totally, maniacally and for life I might point out --
completely skulled out by Amateur Radio.=E2=80=99 So he was quite an ent=
husiast up
to his death in ‘99=E2=80=9D

-- =20

Sound intriguing? Well you can find out a lot more about Eugnene Bergann=
=E2=80=99s
book and how you can help to writer it on this weeks RAIN Report. Just g=
o to
www.rainreport.com or dial into area code 847-827-7246, sit back and enjo=
y a
quarter hour with Eugene Bergmann and his new book on the legendary Jean
Shepherd, K2ORS. (ARNewsline(tm))

**

NEWSCAST CLOSE

With thanks to Alan Labs, AMSAT, the ARRL, the CGC Communicator, CQ Magaz=
ine,
the FCC, the Ohio Penn DX Bulletin, Radio Netherlands, Rain, the RSGB and
Australia's Q-News, that's all from the Amateur Radio Newsline(tm). Our =
e-mail
address is newsline @arnewsline.org. More information is available at Am=
ateur
Radio Newsline's(tm) only official website located at www.arnewsline.org.=
You
can also write to us or support us at Amateur Radio Newsline(tm), PO Box
660937, Arcadia, California 91066.=20

A reminder that the e-mail address to register to take part in the Eroy N=
eal,
K6DUE Amateur Radio Mentoring Project is

For now, with Bill Pasternak, WA6ITF, at the editors desk, I=E2=80=99m Je=
ff Clark,
K8JAC, saying 73 and we thank you for listening." Amateur Radio Newsline=
(tm)
is Copyright 2003. All rights reserved.