The rf output of 1050 ESPN is directional, favoring the northeast. There is a
null toward Philadephia to protect 1060 KYW.


Actually, it is precisely the opposite.

The controllable null in KYW's pattern is towards 1050. This is the only case I
am aware of of a Class A station protecting a Class B station.

(KYW has a mimima, NOT a null, in its pattern towards the co-channel Class A in
Mexico. The depth of this minima is a consequence of the spacing of the array's
two towers).

1050 protects the entire U.S.-Mexican border, as was agreed to in NARBA.

(The two 48-state Class II-B stations on Mexican Class I-A clears were required
to operate 50 kW-U, DA-1, and both 1050 and 1220 do so; the two Alaskan Class
II-B stations granted by NARBA on Mexican Class I-A clears operate 5 kW-U, ND,
but one has been deleted).

1050 didn't exist before NARBA, and was granted 50 kW-U, DA-1, in New York, by
that treaty. (1220 was granted 50 kW-U, DA-1, in Cleveland, by that same
treaty).

KYW was moved to Philadelphia from Chicago, probably as a 10 kW-U, ND station.

1060 in Philadelphia would be mutually exclusive with 1050 in New York if KYW
didn't protect 1050, thereby establishing a defendable Class A contour towards
the NE (and 1050) for itself.

In article , inch (Peter
H.) wrote:


The rf output of 1050 ESPN is directional, favoring the northeast. There is a
null toward Philadephia to protect 1060 KYW.


Actually, it is precisely the opposite.

The controllable null in KYW's pattern is towards 1050. This is the only
case I
am aware of of a Class A station protecting a Class B station.

(KYW has a mimima, NOT a null, in its pattern towards the co-channel
Class A in
Mexico. The depth of this minima is a consequence of the spacing of the
array's
two towers).

1050 protects the entire U.S.-Mexican border, as was agreed to in NARBA.

(The two 48-state Class II-B stations on Mexican Class I-A clears were
required
to operate 50 kW-U, DA-1, and both 1050 and 1220 do so; the two Alaskan Class
II-B stations granted by NARBA on Mexican Class I-A clears operate 5 kW-U, ND,
but one has been deleted).

1050 didn't exist before NARBA, and was granted 50 kW-U, DA-1, in New York, by
that treaty. (1220 was granted 50 kW-U, DA-1, in Cleveland, by that same
treaty).

KYW was moved to Philadelphia from Chicago, probably as a 10 kW-U, ND station.

1060 in Philadelphia would be mutually exclusive with 1050 in New York if KYW
didn't protect 1050, thereby establishing a defendable Class A contour towards
the NE (and 1050) for itself.


This all seems quite strange, so I assume there is a good story to explain
how it all came about? Not knowing the dates when KYW moved to
Philadelphia, or when the "NARBA" was ratified, I assume that the move of
KYW occurred well before the "NARBA"? If this is the case, how did the
KYW pattern come to have such a deep null towards WINS, which wouldn't
have even existed at the time?


Regards,

John Bynrs


Surf my web pages at, http://users.rcn.com/jbyrns/

"John Byrns" wrote in message
...
In article , inch (Peter
H.) wrote:


The rf output of 1050 ESPN is directional, favoring the northeast. There is a
null toward Philadephia to protect 1060 KYW.

Actually, it is precisely the opposite.

KYW was moved to Philadelphia from Chicago, probably as a 10 kW-U, ND station.

1060 in Philadelphia would be mutually exclusive with 1050 in New York if KYW
didn't protect 1050, thereby establishing a defendable Class A contour towards
the NE (and 1050) for itself.

This all seems quite strange, so I assume there is a good story to explain
how it all came about? Not knowing the dates when KYW moved to
Philadelphia, or when the "NARBA" was ratified, I assume that the move of
KYW occurred well before the "NARBA"? If this is the case, how did the
KYW pattern come to have such a deep null towards WINS, which wouldn't
have even existed at the time?

As noted earlier, though, KYW has a minima, not a null. I suspect (although I make
no claims to its accuracy) that the protection afforded the southwest (since it's
done with two towers in Whitemarsh, PA, which is to the northeast of City Center)
required that the maxima be directed towards Philadelphia and, serendipitously, in
the other direction towards Reading, Harrisburg and Scranton. As a result of the
minimum towards the southwest, and due to the two-tower design and the need to direct
maximum towards Philadelphia, this resulted in a second minimum in the direction of
New York. It was this protection which was already in place that allowed WHN to get
their pattern and power. So KYW isn't really protecting 1050, and thus a 1-B is
protecting a II...the antenna design simply fails to provide converage in that
direction, but which still required that WHN (or ESPN 1050) protect KYW to the limits
required in the rules.

And WINS (that was a mistake, right?) has nothing to do with this....at 1010, it's
far enough away from 1060 that neither station figures in the pattern of the other.
Also of note is that WBZ has a directional pattern, but as a 1-A it protects nothing.
It's done with a parasitic element suspended from the guy wires, which pulls in the
power which would be wasted over the Atlantic.
--
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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living in a free society.
Kim Campbell - ex-Prime Minister of Canada - 2004
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
For direct replies, take out the contents between the hyphens. -Really!-

KYW was moved to Philadelphia from Chicago, probably as a 10 kW-U, ND
station.

1060 in Philadelphia would be mutually exclusive with 1050 in New York
if KYW
didn't protect 1050, thereby establishing a defendable Class A contour
towards
the NE (and 1050) for itself.


This all seems quite strange, so I assume there is a good story to explain
how it all came about? Not knowing the dates when KYW moved to
Philadelphia, or when the "NARBA" was ratified, I assume that the move of
KYW occurred well before the "NARBA"? If this is the case, how did the
KYW pattern come to have such a deep null towards WINS, which wouldn't
have even existed at the time?

For several decades there was a radio station in Quebec City in Canada on
1060. Perhaps KYW had to protect this station before 1050 came on the air in
New York. (This station in Quebec may not be on the air now).

Not knowing the dates when KYW moved to Philadelphia, or when the "NARBA" was
ratified, I assume that the move of KYW occurred well before the "NARBA"? If
this is the case, how did the KYW pattern come to have such a deep null towards
WINS, which wouldn't have even existed at the time?


NARBA was signed in 1939 and was implemented in 1941. It was in 1941 when the
great AM frequency change occurred, and when stations in the same market could
be reduced to 40 kHz from 50 kHz spacing.

I believe the move of KYW to Philadelphia from Chicago occurred after two
stations were consolidated into one (KYW) in Chicago, but before the 1050 Class
II-B assignment in New York was agreed to.

However, before NARBA, 1050 was a U.S. de-facto Class I-A clear (KNX, Los
Angeles), and the ceding of 1050 to Mexico as a new Class I-A clear for that
nation, and the allocation (but not the construction) of a Class II-B to New
York would have been simultaneous with the codification of 1060 as a Class I-B,
in-fact, in Philadelhia and a similar station in Mexico City.

So, these changes could have been (and probably were) coordinated.

KYW's prior operation in Chicago, and its early operation in Philadelphia was
10 kW ND-U, on 1030.

In article , inch (Peter
H.) wrote:


Not knowing the dates when KYW moved to Philadelphia, or when the "NARBA" was
ratified, I assume that the move of KYW occurred well before the "NARBA"? If
this is the case, how did the KYW pattern come to have such a deep null
towards
WINS, which wouldn't have even existed at the time?


NARBA was signed in 1939 and was implemented in 1941. It was in 1941 when the
great AM frequency change occurred, and when stations in the same market could
be reduced to 40 kHz from 50 kHz spacing.

I believe the move of KYW to Philadelphia from Chicago occurred after two
stations were consolidated into one (KYW) in Chicago, but before the
1050 Class
II-B assignment in New York was agreed to.

Yes, KYW seems to have moved from Chicago to Philadelphia in 1934.

However, before NARBA, 1050 was a U.S. de-facto Class I-A clear (KNX, Los
Angeles), and the ceding of 1050 to Mexico as a new Class I-A clear for that
nation, and the allocation (but not the construction) of a Class II-B to New
York would have been simultaneous with the codification of 1060 as a
Class I-B,
in-fact, in Philadelhia and a similar station in Mexico City.

So, these changes could have been (and probably were) coordinated.

So it would seem. Do you know if there are any other class A (I) stations
that protect adjacent channel class B (II) stations in this way?

KYW's prior operation in Chicago, and its early operation in Philadelphia was
10 kW ND-U, on 1030.

A 10 kW omni signal would have been much stronger to the northeast than
the current KYW signal.


Regards,

John Byrns


Surf my web pages at, http://users.rcn.com/jbyrns/

So it would seem. Do you know if there are any other class A (I) stations that
protect adjacent channel class B (II) stations in this way?


Other Class II-Bs that receive protection from Class I-Bs include WLAC
protecting Boston's 1510.

Other Class I-Bs that now protect other Class I-As or Class I-Bs include
WSAI/1530, protecting Buffalo's 1520 (first adjacent) and Bahama's 1540 (also
first adjacent). (KXEL/1540, a Class I-B, also protects the Bahamas, and has
from the git-go, even though the Bahama Class I-A operated with 5 kW, later 10
kW, and now 50 kW ... when moving to 50 kW, as required by "Rio", the Bahama
Class I-A installed a DA to protect KXEL, and perhaps the Class II-B in Albany,
NY).

KYW's DA-1 pattern appears to be similar to WRVA's DA-1 pattern, but it it not.

WRVA's is a side-fire, and is symmetrical in two axes.

KYW's is an end-fire and is symmetrical in only one axis.

The nulls towards 1050 are filled by a little. They could be made equal to zero
by a minor parameter change.

The minima towards Mexico is a characteristic of the wide spacing of the
towers, and is not controllable except by reducing or increasing the spacing
between the towers.

The fundamental point here is that KYW's groundwave is protecting the
groundwave of a station of lower class, located somewhat less than 100 miles
away from it.

If KYW were to change its pattern to loosen it up towards 1050, it would be
interfering with a station which was authorized by an international treaty.

Usually, international treaties trump national regulations.