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Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
I have an old (Aug 1991) 25 LTD Classic someone just gave me and it all
works except it`s just factory stock in everyway and doesn`t put out worth a damn...I`ve been away from the game so long I`ve lost all my notes on the various tricks to tune it up beyond swapping out the final and driver..Clip this..change that...?...Maybe some of the old timers who remember me and know I`m cool can lend a hand..Send me an e-mail if you want to avoid the trolls who`ll turn this into an anti-keyclown thread |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Programbo wrote:
I have an old (Aug 1991) 25 LTD Classic someone just gave me and it all works except it`s just factory stock in everyway and doesn`t put out worth a damn...I`ve been away from the game so long I`ve lost all my notes on the various tricks to tune it up beyond swapping out the final and driver..Clip this..change that...?...Maybe some of the old timers who remember me and know I`m cool can lend a hand..Send me an e-mail if you want to avoid the trolls who`ll turn this into an anti-keyclown thread www.cbtricks.com It's easier to leave it stock and run it into a small 2 pill amp. They sound better that way. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
They sound like crap stock..No modulation..With a 2 pill it would still
sound like crap just much louder :) |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Are you crazy... that unit can be made to have tremendous modulation.
Professor www.telstar-electronics.com |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Are you crazy... that unit can be made to have tremendous modulation
Was that directed at me or Scotty?..They way Google displays the posts it came out under mine so I`m not sure....I actually said that it sounds like crap and has no modulation BEFORE you do anything to it..I`m very aware it can be made quite loud and proud with the right tricks :) |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Programbo wrote:
They sound like crap stock..No modulation..With a 2 pill it would still sound like crap just much louder :) OK. I've got one on the shelf. I don't use AM only radios. I know it works. I tried it once. Anybody make an offer for it. Shipping would be actual postage from 212.. I should clean up this Uniden PC76XL and get that off my shelf, too. Also a TRC-422 and a TRC-422A just sits and sits. I'm not sure if I should sell the Regency Range Gain, Lafayette LMS-40, Midland 76-858, and forget about my 2950. I spent good money on the LMS-40 to get it repaired because some dork had tried to put extra channels in it and had really butchered it. I'd have to sell that one for at least $100. It's in good shape externally. I also have a lightning struck 148GTL. The owner said it's DOA. I'm not going to bother testing it. His A99 was toothpicks in the yard! DONTSPAMME is every other letter in my email addy. Remove that to reply. Serious inquiries only. Leave a phone number in the email for call back and give a time referenced to a timezone to call on my dime. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Hello All:
I am hearing that many guys are addeding in another modulation IC, and Modulation transformer to double the audio power, allowing a higher carrier power to be 100% modulated. Jay in the Mojave Professor wrote: Are you crazy... that unit can be made to have tremendous modulation. Professor www.telstar-electronics.com |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Sun, 19 Feb 2006 15:40:53 -0800, Jay in the Mojave
wrote: +Hello All: + +I am hearing that many guys are addeding in another modulation IC, and +Modulation transformer to double the audio power, allowing a higher +carrier power to be 100% modulated. + +Jay in the Mojave ****** The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far greater problem. james |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
james wrote:
On Sun, 19 Feb 2006 15:40:53 -0800, Jay in the Mojave wrote: +Hello All: + +I am hearing that many guys are addeding in another modulation IC, and +Modulation transformer to double the audio power, allowing a higher +carrier power to be 100% modulated. + +Jay in the Mojave ****** The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far greater problem. james Hello James: No thats not how AM works. The Modulation increases and decreses the amptitude during Modulation. Thats how double sidband full modulation works. Look in a old ARRL Book. Jay in the Mojave |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
******
The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far greater problem. james Hello James: No thats not how AM works. The Modulation increases and decreses the amptitude during Modulation. Thats how double sidband full modulation works. Look in a old ARRL Book. Jay in the Mojave Jay, I respectfully disagree. An AM carrier doesn't change, just sidebands are added in the mixing (modulation) process, and the instantaneous voltage shown on an o-scope will be 4 times greater then the carrier power itself. Since the audio added is 50% of the carrier, the RMS power will be 150% of the unmodulated carrier. The peak to peak voltage is greater. Put a 1000 Hz tone on a signal and look at it on spec-an. (make sure to do this test with an unmodified radio, "swing kits" ruin proper AM) |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 04:24:38 -0800, Jay in the Mojave
wrote: +james wrote: + + On Sun, 19 Feb 2006 15:40:53 -0800, Jay in the Mojave + wrote: + + ++Hello All: ++ ++I am hearing that many guys are addeding in another modulation IC, and ++Modulation transformer to double the audio power, allowing a higher ++carrier power to be 100% modulated. ++ ++Jay in the Mojave + + + ****** + The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation + should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far + greater problem. + + james + +Hello James: + +No thats not how AM works. The Modulation increases and decreses the +amptitude during Modulation. Thats how double sidband full modulation +works. Look in a old ARRL Book. + + +Jay in the Mojave ***** I think you need to go back and reread and comprehend what those old ARRL handbooks say. Then m aybe I suggest a good university textbook on Communications. Oh by the way you may want to brush up on y our Calculus and Differential Equations at the same time. AM(t) = f(t)*cos(wc*t) + A*cos(wc*t) where AM(t) is your Amplitude modulated signal with respect to time. f(t) is the function that mathematically describes the modulating frequency. wc is the carrier frequency t is time A is amplitude Taking the Fourier Transform of the carrier portion (A*cos(wc*t) yields an impulse function with amplitude A at frequency wc. The rest of the equation is your double sideband suppressed carrier and when the Fourier transform of this is taken it will yield a frequency that is the audio frequency plus and minus the carrier frequency at amplitude of half the audio power. I hope that this helps in your understanding of what Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude modulation, more commonly called AM, is. james |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
wrote in message
... Are you crazy... that unit can be made to have tremendous modulation. Professor www.telstar-electronics.com BZZZT! Wrong....Keyclowns are not allowed to modify their radios. But we will anyway. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
"Scott in Baltimore" wrote in message
... Programbo wrote: They sound like crap stock..No modulation..With a 2 pill it would still sound like crap just much louder :) OK. I've got one on the shelf. I don't use AM only radios. I know it works. I tried it once. Anybody make an offer for it. Shipping would be actual postage from 212.. I should clean up this Uniden PC76XL and get that off my shelf, too. Also a TRC-422 and a TRC-422A just sits and sits. I'm not sure if I should sell the Regency Range Gain, Lafayette LMS-40, Midland 76-858, and forget about my 2950. I spent good money on the LMS-40 to get it repaired because some dork had tried to put extra channels in it and had really butchered it. I'd have to sell that one for at least $100. It's in good shape externally. I also have a lightning struck 148GTL. The owner said it's DOA. I'm not going to bother testing it. His A99 was toothpicks in the yard! DONTSPAMME is every other letter in my email addy. Remove that to reply. Serious inquiries only. Leave a phone number in the email for call back and give a time referenced to a timezone to call on my dime. What does the case and face plate look like. My 148 could use some cosmetic surgery. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 12:29:25 -0500, Scott in Baltimore
wrote in : ****** The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far greater problem. james Hello James: No thats not how AM works. The Modulation increases and decreses the amptitude during Modulation. Thats how double sidband full modulation works. Look in a old ARRL Book. Jay in the Mojave Jay, I respectfully disagree. An AM carrier doesn't change, just sidebands are added in the mixing (modulation) process, and the instantaneous voltage shown on an o-scope will be 4 times greater then the carrier power itself. Since the audio added is 50% of the carrier, the RMS power will be 150% of the unmodulated carrier. The peak to peak voltage is greater. Put a 1000 Hz tone on a signal and look at it on spec-an. (make sure to do this test with an unmodified radio, "swing kits" ruin proper AM) It's about time to put this argument to rest...... you're both right. The amplitude of the -signal- changes according to the modulation, but the -carrier- is steady. The difference is that the signal (as seen on an o-scope) is the vector sum of the carrier and the sidebands, while the -carrier- (as seen on the spectrum analyzer) is only an isolated component of the total signal. Does that clear things up a bit? ----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==---- http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups ----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =---- |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
cut D9 for modulation, adjust L10, L9, L8 for power.
"Programbo" wrote in message oups.com... I have an old (Aug 1991) 25 LTD Classic someone just gave me and it all works except it`s just factory stock in everyway and doesn`t put out worth a damn...I`ve been away from the game so long I`ve lost all my notes on the various tricks to tune it up beyond swapping out the final and driver..Clip this..change that...?...Maybe some of the old timers who remember me and know I`m cool can lend a hand..Send me an e-mail if you want to avoid the trolls who`ll turn this into an anti-keyclown thread |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
"ron" wrote in message
om... cut D9 for modulation, adjust L10, L9, L8 for power. Do NOT cut D9 or it will sound like ****. Instead using a scope adjust VR5 until it starts to clip and back it off a hair. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
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Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
What does the case and face plate look like. My 148 could use some cosmetic
surgery. I have one of the chrome plastic face covers here that I THINK is from a 148 (Just the chrome part no aluminum worded face plate)..I`ll send it to you for free if you want it...It`s brand new but has been in my desk drawer not in plastic so it`s picked up some very light scratches..E-mail me and I can send you a photo of it so you can see if it is indeed for a 148 (Seems to have more switch and light holes than I recall a 148 having) |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
What does the case and face plate look like. My 148 could use some cosmetic
surgery. I got your email. I've been busy. Will disassemble soon. Wait for email with pictures. Phillipines unit, side mike. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 01:00:08 GMT, Lancer wrote:
+On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 21:04:25 GMT, james wrote: + +On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 04:24:38 -0800, Jay in the Mojave wrote: + ++james wrote: ++ ++ On Sun, 19 Feb 2006 15:40:53 -0800, Jay in the Mojave ++ wrote: ++ ++ +++Hello All: +++ +++I am hearing that many guys are addeding in another modulation IC, and +++Modulation transformer to double the audio power, allowing a higher +++carrier power to be 100% modulated. +++ +++Jay in the Mojave ++ ++ ++ ****** ++ The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation ++ should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far ++ greater problem. ++ ++ james ++ ++Hello James: ++ ++No thats not how AM works. The Modulation increases and decreses the ++amptitude during Modulation. Thats how double sidband full modulation ++works. Look in a old ARRL Book. ++ ++ ++Jay in the Mojave +***** + +I think you need to go back and reread and comprehend what those old +ARRL handbooks say. Then m aybe I suggest a good university textbook +on Communications. Oh by the way you may want to brush up on y our +Calculus and Differential Equations at the same time. + +Whats your damn problem james, does being a pompous ass come natural +to you? + ****** Really now. Maybe you should go back and comprehend what told me. I just responded in a manner that reflected my education and skills. If that is pompous to you then so be it. But mathematically to truely understand AM modulation does require a higher level of mathematics than just adding two plus two. ******** + +AM(t) = f(t)*cos(wc*t) + A*cos(wc*t) + +where AM(t) is your Amplitude modulated signal with respect to time. +f(t) is the function that mathematically describes the modulating +frequency. +wc is the carrier frequency +t is time +A is amplitude + +Taking the Fourier Transform of the carrier portion (A*cos(wc*t) +yields an impulse function with amplitude A at frequency wc. The rest +of the equation is your double sideband suppressed carrier and when +the Fourier transform of this is taken it will yield a frequency that +is the audio frequency plus and minus the carrier frequency at +amplitude of half the audio power. + +I hope that this helps in your understanding of what Double Sideband +Full Carrier Amplitude modulation, more commonly called AM, is. + +As long as you understand it, thats all that matters... + ***** Yes I very well do! **** + +james + +Does your formula show that SSB is AM also? ******* Yes, remove the A*cos(wc*t) term and you have Double Sideband suppressed carrier. Add a term for a bandpass filter and you will have single sideband suppressed carrier. Yes DSB and SSB are AM signals. james |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
"Lancer" wrote in message
news:dup3d90rlj0sr6humn29tofaalq2mf2sl6@2355323778 ... On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 15:41:02 -0600, "Dr.Death" wrote: wrote in message ... Are you crazy... that unit can be made to have tremendous modulation. Professor www.telstar-electronics.com BZZZT! Wrong....Keyclowns are not allowed to modify their radios. But we will anyway. And for no other reason that to **** him off, right? You betcha : ) |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
"Scott in Baltimore" wrote in message
. .. What does the case and face plate look like. My 148 could use some cosmetic surgery. I got your email. I've been busy. Will disassemble soon. Wait for email with pictures. Phillipines unit, side mike. Great, thanks Scott. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
"Dr.Death" wrote:
"Lancer" wrote in message And for no other reason that to **** him off, right? You betcha : )\ .....SHOCKING! |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Lancer wrote:
Thanks, I just wanted to see what your answer would be... That would make a good sig file for this group. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 18:45:59 GMT, Lancer wrote:
+Yes, really now...Jay has never had a mean thing to say to anyone in +this group. I took exception at your condisending attitude to him. ***** He proceeded to explain to me how AM worked and asked me to refer to an old ARRL handbook. Instead I referred back to my college communications textbook and quoted an equation that is the standard form to mathematically explain how AM works. Now is that is pompous or being condisending then I apologize to him. It was my intention to properly explain mathematically how AM works. Your reply to me seemed to be more of an attack. I don't try to attack but explain technicaly the best that I can. There is no intention of ill will. james |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Frank Gilliland wrote:
This is CB radio. Get with the program. Click Click. |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 02:59:08 GMT, james wrote
in : On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 18:45:59 GMT, Lancer wrote: +Yes, really now...Jay has never had a mean thing to say to anyone in +this group. I took exception at your condisending attitude to him. ***** He proceeded to explain to me how AM worked and asked me to refer to an old ARRL handbook. Sifting back through the thread it appears that you began this disagreement with an obtuse remark. To wit: On Sun, 19 Feb 2006 15:40:53 -0800, Jay in the Mojave wrote: +Hello All: + +I am hearing that many guys are addeding in another modulation IC, and +Modulation transformer to double the audio power, allowing a higher +carrier power to be 100% modulated. + +Jay in the Mojave ****** The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far greater problem. james Like, where did -that- come from? It sounds like you misconstrued his remarks in your zeal to spout off something you read in an old text book that you picked up at a flea market. Well, read the book again but begin with the first chapter, which will usually state that Fourier analysis is only a mathematical tool for advanced engineering concepts (i.e, IMD analysis) and is not normally used to explain the general principles of amplitude modulation; a comprehension of the differences between the domains of time and frequency are usually considered to be sufficient for most educational purposes. Instead I referred back to my college communications textbook and quoted an equation that is the standard form to mathematically explain how AM works. Well, your 'education' is lacking since the formula you provided is only the basic groundwork for Fourier analysis; the analysis of non-linear mixing of any two signals requires a function (or several fuctions if there are more than two signals or if the signals are non-sine) requiring an iterative progression in order to integrate the distortion products. But I don't see how -any- of that matters when all Jay was talking about was boosting the audio in order to fully modulate a bigger carrier on a CB radio..... Now is that is pompous or being condisending then I apologize to him. It was my intention to properly explain mathematically how AM works. Your reply to me seemed to be more of an attack. I don't try to attack but explain technicaly the best that I can. It wasn't needed, nor was it requested. There is no intention of ill will. You were trying to toot your own technical horn. This is CB radio. Get with the program. ----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==---- http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups ----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =---- |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
james wrote:
On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 18:45:59 GMT, Lancer wrote: +Yes, really now...Jay has never had a mean thing to say to anyone in +this group. I took exception at your condisending attitude to him. ***** He proceeded to explain to me how AM worked and asked me to refer to an old ARRL handbook. Instead I referred back to my college communications textbook and quoted an equation that is the standard form to mathematically explain how AM works. Yeah, thanks for posting the formulas, now everyone in the group understands how AM works.. Now is that is pompous or being condisending then I apologize to him. It was my intention to properly explain mathematically how AM works. Your reply to me seemed to be more of an attack. I don't try to attack but explain technicaly the best that I can. There is no intention of ill will. james If you think my reply was an attack...LOL!! |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
Hello Scott:
I think we are getting the Time Domain mixed up with the Frequency Domain. My comment was on a Oscilloscope voltage measurements which are in the time domain. Without the RF Carrier voltage being modulated, increasing and decreasing you would not have modulation of course. I never said the power in the carrier changes. Or maybe I said it poorly?!??!?!? But by added in more modulation power, like I said will allow for the finial rf amplifier to have more modulation power, allowing for more RF Carrier to be fully modulated, if it can handle the extra power. Simple stuff. More power and modulation kicking a high drive amp will cook! I have seen where the radios have been somehow modified to allow unlinear modulation, that is the upper and lower envelopes are not identical, and the radios still sounds ok. Yeah I don't know what they do for the swing mods?!??!!?! I put in Amplitude Modulation Envelope into Goggle and got a bunch of neat web sites on the subject. Jay in the Great Mojave Desert, ....just down the road ah ways from the fillin station. Scott in Baltimore wrote: ****** The carrier in Double Sideband Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation should remain constant during modulation. If not, then you have a far greater problem. james Hello James: No thats not how AM works. The Modulation increases and decreses the amptitude during Modulation. Thats how double sidband full modulation works. Look in a old ARRL Book. Jay in the Mojave Jay, I respectfully disagree. An AM carrier doesn't change, just sidebands are added in the mixing (modulation) process, and the instantaneous voltage shown on an o-scope will be 4 times greater then the carrier power itself. Since the audio added is 50% of the carrier, the RMS power will be 150% of the unmodulated carrier. The peak to peak voltage is greater. Put a 1000 Hz tone on a signal and look at it on spec-an. (make sure to do this test with an unmodified radio, "swing kits" ruin proper AM) |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 19:49:53 -0800, Frank Gilliland
wrote: + +Sifting back through the thread it appears that you began this +disagreement with an obtuse remark. To wit: **** In my opinion I do not feel that any of my remarks were out of line or harsh. Like I said, if they did seem that way they were not intended to be so. james |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 13:33:32 GMT, Lancer wrote:
+If you think my reply was an attack...LOL!! ***** Well you did attack in a sense, you felt my comments were in some way not warranted. Then like I stated before, my intent was not to attack but to instruct. Even with your comments. Personally I think that this is just spiralling into a potential flame war, and I don't really care to go there. I have apologized if my comments were taken to be unwarranted. That should be sufficient to put this part of the thread to completion. james |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 19:53:40 GMT, james wrote
in : On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 19:49:53 -0800, Frank Gilliland wrote: + +Sifting back through the thread it appears that you began this +disagreement with an obtuse remark. To wit: **** In my opinion I do not feel that any of my remarks were out of line or harsh. Like I said, if they did seem that way they were not intended to be so. james I believe 'obtuse' was the wrong word...... it should have been 'disjuctive'. ----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==---- http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups ----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =---- |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 13:45:27 -0800, Frank Gilliland
wrote: +On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 19:53:40 GMT, james wrote +in : + +On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 19:49:53 -0800, Frank Gilliland wrote: + ++ ++Sifting back through the thread it appears that you began this ++disagreement with an obtuse remark. To wit: +**** + +In my opinion I do not feel that any of my remarks were out of line or +harsh. Like I said, if they did seem that way they were not intended +to be so. + +james + + +I believe 'obtuse' was the wrong word...... it should have been +'disjuctive'. + + ***** Did you mean disjunctive? james |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Sun, 26 Feb 2006 20:38:52 GMT, james wrote
in : On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 13:45:27 -0800, Frank Gilliland wrote: +On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 19:53:40 GMT, james wrote +in : + +On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 19:49:53 -0800, Frank Gilliland wrote: + ++ ++Sifting back through the thread it appears that you began this ++disagreement with an obtuse remark. To wit: +**** + +In my opinion I do not feel that any of my remarks were out of line or +harsh. Like I said, if they did seem that way they were not intended +to be so. + +james + + +I believe 'obtuse' was the wrong word...... it should have been +'disjuctive'. + + ***** Did you mean disjunctive? james No, I meant 'disjuctive': a barely relevant act, response, opinion, etc, made in a vain attempt to demonstrate superior intellect. A good example would be when someone plays spelling cop instead of addressing the topic of the discussion. Did I make myself clear? Or is there something -else- you don't undrstand? ----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==---- http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups ----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =---- |
Cobra 25LTD Classic tune up
On Sun, 26 Feb 2006 15:43:38 -0800, Frank Gilliland
wrote: +On Sun, 26 Feb 2006 20:38:52 GMT, james wrote +in : + +On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 13:45:27 -0800, Frank Gilliland wrote: + ++On Sat, 25 Feb 2006 19:53:40 GMT, james wrote ++in : ++ ++On Fri, 24 Feb 2006 19:49:53 -0800, Frank Gilliland wrote: ++ +++ +++Sifting back through the thread it appears that you began this +++disagreement with an obtuse remark. To wit: ++**** ++ ++In my opinion I do not feel that any of my remarks were out of line or ++harsh. Like I said, if they did seem that way they were not intended ++to be so. ++ ++james ++ ++ ++I believe 'obtuse' was the wrong word...... it should have been ++'disjuctive'. ++ ++ +***** + +Did you mean disjunctive? + +james + + +No, I meant 'disjuctive': a barely relevant act, response, opinion, +etc, made in a vain attempt to demonstrate superior intellect. A good +example would be when someone plays spelling cop instead of addressing +the topic of the discussion. + +Did I make myself clear? Or is there something -else- you don't +undrstand? + ***** No, just at first look I did not see the word "disjuctive" in a dictinary. Sorry for any inconvience. james |
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