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The following articles from 30 years ago, currently early 1991, are
taken from the Internet Archive at:

https://archive.org/download/usenet-...radio.mbox.zip


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!olivea!decwrl!sdd.hp.com!z aphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!samsung!dali.cs.montana.edu!masscomp!ocp t!tsdiag!davet
From: (Dave Tiller N2KAU)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR on packet already?
Message-ID:
Date: 24 Jan 91 14:51:22 GMT
References: -
Organization: Concurrent Computer Corp. Oceanport NJ
Lines: 31

In article - writes:
Reposted from packet radio this morning.

HELLO...MAYBE I HAVE BEEN BUSY AND MISSED THIS, BUT U2MIR IS RUNNING
PACKET, JUST LIKE THE SHUTTLE DID. I HEARD U2MIR WORKING ABOUT 5 8S AND
3S BEFORE HE FADED. HEARD IT FIRST ON THE SCANNER. 145.55. SAME AS
SHEUUTLE WAS. HAD FORGOT TO TAKE IT OUT OF THE SCANNER! MISSED A BUNCH BEFORE
I GOT IT ON PACKET AND OPERATING. THOUGHT YOU ALL MAY LIKE TO KNOW.
PS.
HEARD AT 0200 1-21-91
73 DAN KA9DZM @ N8GTC

Anybody else hear/work MIR on packet?I thought it was not supposed to be until
sometime in February. Well good luck and happy MIR chasing.

I got hung up on by MIR on 01/22/91 22:00Z. The BBS was sending out huge
numbers of disconnect requests, and I got hung up on with the best of them.
I was running 5 Watts into a quarterwave in the attic. I heard it again on
01/23/91 23:34, and at 01:10Z.

PS - Please listen before you blast packets!!! I'm pretty sure that U2MIR
is still doing simplex phone QSO's when not running packet. If you don't
hear U2MIR sending CQ packets, please don't try to connect! There is a local
guy (nameless) who is doing this, and it prevents anyone from having a phone
QSO. I realize most hams do this automatically, but it doesn't hurt to remind
those who don't.
- --
David E. Tiller | Concurrent Computer Corp.
FAX: 201-870-5952 Ph: (201) 870-4119 (w) | 2 Crescent Place, M/S 117
UUCP: ucbvax!rutgers!petsd!tsdiag!davet | Oceanport NJ, 07757
ICBM: 40 16' 52" N 73 59' 00" W | N2KAU @ NN2Z


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!zaph od.mps.ohio-state.edu!think.com!paperboy!hsdndev!husc6!genrad! dls
From: (Diana L. Syriac)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR on packet already?
Message-ID:
Date: 24 Jan 91 15:20:20 GMT
References:
Sender:
Reply-To: (Diana L. Syriac)
Organization: GenRad, Inc., Concord, Mass.
Lines: 28

In article writes:
Reposted from packet radio this morning.

HELLO...MAYBE I HAVE BEEN BUSY AND MISSED THIS, BUT U2MIR IS RUNNING
PACKET, JUST LIKE THE SHUTTLE DID. I HEARD U2MIR WORKING ABOUT 5 8S AND
3S BEFORE HE FADED. HEARD IT FIRST ON THE SCANNER. 145.55. SAME AS
SHEUUTLE WAS. HAD FORGOT TO TAKE IT OUT OF THE SCANNER! MISSED A BUNCH BEFORE
I GOT IT ON PACKET AND OPERATING. THOUGHT YOU ALL MAY LIKE TO KNOW.
PS.
HEARD AT 0200 1-21-91
73 DAN KA9DZM @ N8GTC

Anybody else hear/work MIR on packet? I thought it was not supposed to be until
sometime in February. Well good luck and happy MIR chasing.

I thought this was common knowledge. I haven't been paying too much
attention, cuz I've had other more important things to do, but this is a
subject discussed on our 2 meter repeater quite often, and I know K1YOW
has talked with U2MIR, and I believe WA1RHP has also. It's also not just
packet....sometimes he's on voice, on the same frequency, per K1YOW and
KA1ULT, two people who've been watching this closely.



- -Diana L. Syriac Ham: KC1SP (Sweet Pea) -
- -I'D RATHER BE FLYING! P-ASEL, INST CAP: 1LT, Freedom 690 Mobile-
- -GenRad AD ASTRA, PER ASPERA -
- -MS/6, 300 Baker Ave, Concord, Mass. 01742 (508) 369-4400 x2459 -


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!swrinde!ucsd!ucbvax!AMATEUR1.CAC.STRATUS .COM!jay
From: (ase)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR
Message-ID: .
Date: 24 Jan 91 17:33:03 GMT
Sender:
Organization: The Internet
Lines: 11

After several passes I got a connection into U2MIR (not U2MIR-1).
I sent a single message up but their wasn't a control op on at the
time. Do they have any provisions to see at a later time the message
I sent or must I log into the bbs ? The window in the Northeast is
approximately 6 Minutes. My understanding is that they will QSL
right ?


Thanks

Jay Appell - KA1SNA


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!bonnie.concordia.ca!thunde r.mcrcim.mcgill.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!apple!ag ate!ucbvax!jh.nu.manchester-computing-centre.ac.uk!John
From: (John Heaton)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR
Message-ID:
Date: 25 Jan 91 10:07:31 GMT
Sender:
Reply-To:
Organization: The Internet
Lines: 10



Last weekend my system had U2MIR in the axheard list on 144.625, I
didn`t realise what it was until much later. I thought it was just
another local node as TheNET/NETROM nodes have wierd names around here.

John.



Path: gmdzi!unido!fauern!ira.uka.de!sol.ctr.columbia.edu !caen!sdd.hp.com!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!ncar!gatech!ru tgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd
From: (John Magliacane)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio,sci.space
Subject: * SpaceNews 28-Jan-91 *
Keywords: U2MIR-1, Hubble Trouble, SEUs
Message-ID:
Date: 26 Jan 91 03:47:54 GMT
Organization: KA2QHD - OCEAN NJ
Lines: 126
Xref: gmdzi rec.ham-radio:19890 sci.space:19281


SB SPACE @ ALLBBS KD2BD $SPC0128
* SpaceNews 28-Jan-91 *

Bulletin ID: $SPC0128


=========
SpaceNews
=========

MONDAY JANUARY 28, 1991

SpaceNews originates at KD2BD in Wall Township, New Jersey, USA. It
is published every week and is made available for unlimited distribution.



* U2MIR-1 NEWS *
================
Packet Radio (AX.25) communications were carried out last week between
the Soviet "Mir" space station and many ground stations on 145.550 MHz.
Callsigns of U2MIR and U2MIR-1 were used by the amateur radio station
on board Mir. Personal observations as well as observations by others
seem to confirm the fact that Mir now has a fully operational packet
radio bulletin board system, complete with a "standard" PBBS command
system capable of supporting mail exchanges between users as well as
disseminating news bulletins to all users of the system.

The U2MIR-1 BBS system is compatible with standard 1200 baud 2-meter
FM packet stations currently in existance all over the world. No
special TNCs or external PSK modems are required for access. Downlink
signals from Mir are strong. Even operation with indoor antennas seems
possible.

Packet radio operations from Mir came as quite a surprise to many who
expected operations to begin in March. While BBS operations took place
for several days last week, it remains to be seen when or if operations
will continue on a permanent basis. Packet BBS operations from U2MIR
can generally be made at any time, since the station can be run in an
unattended mode while the cosmonauts are sleeping or busy with other
work.


* SPACE RADIATION *
===================
NASA is reporting that operations of the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope
are being affected by radiation induced electronic failures on a daily
basis. Single event upsets (SEUs) in a 1 kilobit low-power TTL bipolar
random access memory (93L-422) are causing Hubble's crucial focusing
elements to lose data on a regular basis.

SEU induced errors are being minimized by using a rapid refresh cycle
with the RAM device to limit the time in which multiple SEUs can occur.
The 93L-422 RAM device has a well documented history of SEU failures,
but was used anyway since clever software routines could help correct
or prevent SEUs from affecting telescope operations. It appears the
SEU problem was greater than anticipated and might also explain why
NASA scientists mysteriously lost radio contact with the Magellan
Venus spacecraft for 18 hours shortly after insertion motor separation
last fall. Scientists are now trying to duplicate that problem in an
effort to determine its cause.

All OSCAR satellites experience problems with radiation induced RAM
errors. High energy radiation particles damaged one of the sense
amplifiers in the Integrated Housekeeping Unit (IHU) on board OSCAR-10.
Since that damage occurred, the spacecraft essentially became "brain
dead", and no longer transmits RTTY and CW telemetry or supports a
sophisticated transponder schedule.

Most satellites operating with 8-bit CPUs generally use 12-bit RAM systems
to help reduce the effect of radiation induced memory errors. OSCAR-11
as well as the MicroSats run a "wash" routine as part of eir spacecraft's
operating system. The wash routine checks all memoryocations, counting
all errors and correcting all single bit errors. A "wash pointer" reports
the current memory address checked and transmits thanformation as part
of the spacecraft telemetry report.

OSCAR-11 has been used quite extensively to study the problem of single
event upsets on spacecraft systems. In fact, it is an interesting hobby
to find correlations between radiation induced spacecraft RAM errors,
space dust counts, and ionospheric HF radio propagation conditions!

Most SEUs occur around the polar regions of the Earth, especially around
an area known as the "South Atlantic Anomaly", a heavily proton charged
region around Antartica. Solar flares are also responsible for increasing
the rate at which SEUs occur in satellite computer subsystems.


* TNX QSL! *
============
A special thanks to all those who sent QSLs and letters to SpaceNews:

N1HZH : Joel Magid, Groton, Massachusettes, USA
K3CRF : Dave Smith, Bellevue, Nebraska, USA

....and e-mail messages:

VK2EE, WB2DHY, WB4IJV, K7EA, DG9MAQ


* FEEDBACK WELCOMED *
=====================
Feedback regarding SpaceNews can be directed to the editor (John) via any
of the following paths:

INTERNET :
PACKET : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
UUCP : ...uunet!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd

MAIL : John A. Magliacane, KD2BD
Department of Electronics Technology
Advanced Technology Center
Brookdale Community College
765 Newman Springs Road
Lincroft, New Jersey 07738
U.S.A.



/EX
- --
John A. Magliacane FAX : (908) 747-7107
Electronics Technology Department AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
Brookdale Community College UUCP : ...!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd
Lincroft, NJ 07738 USA VOICE: (908) 842-1900 ext 607


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!microsoft!joehol
From: (Joseph HOLMAN)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR
Summary: u2mir frequencies
Message-ID:
Date: 30 Jan 91 18:07:03 GMT
References:
Organization: Microsoft Corp., Redmond WA
Lines: 11


musa will be working on 145.550 -- i heard and worked him on that frequency
on 01.29.91 at about 20:15 UTC. his signals were s9 to s20.

joe ka7ldn

Last weekend my system had U2MIR in the axheard list on 144.625, I

OK, someone (AMSAT?) what is the definitive word on what frequency
U2MIR is going to be using?? So far people have been claiming to
bill KB3YV


Path: gmdzi!unido!fauern!sun1.ruf.uni-freiburg.de!ira.uka.de!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!spool. mu.edu!sdd.hp.com!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!lavaca.uh.edu!menudo.uh.edu!lobster!lesc sse!gamorris
From: (Gary A. Morris)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR
Message-ID:
Date: 31 Jan 91 21:06:20 GMT
References:
Organization: Lockheed Engineering and Sciences
Lines: 59

In (Joseph HOLMAN) writes:
musa will be working on 145.550 -- i heard and worked him on that frequency
on 01.29.91 at about 20:15 UTC. his signals were s9 to s20.
joe ka7ldn

Last weekend my system had U2MIR in the axheard list on 144.625, I
OK, someone (AMSAT?) what is the definitive word on what frequency
U2MIR is going to be using?? So far people have been claiming to
bill KB3YV

I've heard him on 145.55 for over a week now, on every orbit that I've
listened for it (at least 10). That was his usual voice frequency
before he started on packet, I expect him to stay on it. He was
probably playing with it when it was on the other frequencies.

I managed to leave him (Musa) a mail message on Tuesday night (after
trying to connect for 3 orbits), and he left a reply that I picked up
Wednesday. I also managed to get the help list for the commands down
and am including it here to (hopefully) help reduce the amount of time
people spend during a pass just getting the help file. So keep this
handy for when you get connected.

Analysis of the downlink shows that he probably has RETRIES set to 5 and
FRACK set to 4. If you see packets addressed to CQ, that means whoever
was on just got timed out and it is open for someone to connect. If
someone is connected please don't try to connect, it is only a single
user system and you will either cause problems for the connected person
or get a busy disconnect if he hears you. At times 90% of the downlink
traffic is busy disconnect frames to everyone trying to get connected
while someone is already on.

The 'S' command doesn't need a callsign, if omitted, U2MIR is used.
- --GaryM

CMD(B/H/J/K/KM/L/M/R/S/SR/V/?)
h
B(ye) B [CR] disconnects you from PMS.
H(elp) H [CR] or ? [CR] displays this help file.
J(log) J [CR] displays a list of callsigns heard (optional date/time)
K(ill) K n [CR] deletes message number n (only to/from your callsign).
KM(ine) KM[CR] deletes all READ messages addressed to your call sign.
L(ist) L [CR] lists the 10 latest messages.
M(ine) M [CR] lists the 10 latest messages to/from your callsign.
R(ead) R n [CR] reads message number n.
S(end) S (callsign) [CR] begins a message addressed to (callsign).
Subject: max 28 characters ending with [CR].
Text: End each line with [CR]. End message by
typing /ex [CR] or CTRL-Z [CR]
at the beginning of a new line.
SR(eply) SR n[CR] Sends a reply to message n prompting only for text.
V(ersion) V [CR] displays the software version of the PMS system.

CMD(B/H/J/K/KM/L/M/R/S/SR/V/?)

- --
Gary Morris Internet:
Lockheed, Houston, Texas UUCP: lobster!lescsse!gamorris
Space Station Freedom Internet:
N5QWC/W5RRR Phone: +1 713 283 5195


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!samsung!usc!ucsd!ucbvax!CI SCO.COM!faunt
From: (Doug Faunt N6TQS 415-688-8269)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR
Message-ID:
Date: 1 Feb 91 06:06:27 GMT
Sender:
Organization: The Internet
Lines: 4

I had packets from U2MIR-1 on my screen when I got home.
He apparently went over about 13:48 PST.
I left the rig on 145.55 when I went to work this morning.
73, doug


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!wuarchive!uwm.edu!rutgers! ka2qhd!kd2bd
From: (John Magliacane)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio,sci.space
Subject: * SpaceNews 04-Feb-91 *
Keywords: U2MIR-1, NOAA Satellites
Message-ID:
Date: 2 Feb 91 02:07:49 GMT
Organization: KA2QHD - OCEAN NJ
Lines: 145
Xref: gmdzi rec.ham-radio:20157 sci.space:19464


SB SPACE @ ALLBBS KD2BD $SPC0204
* SpaceNews 04-Feb-91 *

Bulletin ID: $SPC0204


=========
SpaceNews
=========

MONDAY FEBRUARY 4, 1991

SpaceNews originates at KD2BD in Wall Township, New Jersey, USA. It
is published every week and is made available for unlimited distribution.



* U2MIR-1 NEWS *
================
Packet Radio (AX.25) communications from Mir appear to be taking place
on a regular basis over a frequency of 145.550 MHz. A brief connection
with U2MIR-1 was made by KD2BD on 28-Jan-91 at 16:59:25 UTC using an
indoor 4-element quagi and 7 watts of transmitter power. Signals from
Mir are STRONG. U2MIR is probably running at a power level of 20 watts.

A large number of stations have been able to connect with Mir. The TNC
in use on Mir can be said to have a very short "fuse". Packets are sent
very rapidly, and if acknowlegements are not received within a short
period of time, U2MIR-1 sends disconnect frames and clears its buffers
through its unprotocol address (CQ). Groundstations can also digipeat
through either U2MIR or U2MIR-1.

Once connected to U2MIR-1, the BBS responds as follows:

Logged on to U2MIR's Personal Message System

CMD(B/H/J/K/KM/L/M/R/S/SR/V/?)

Successful mail sessions are ended with a response such as:

Message saved as Msg # 78

The U2MIR-1 BBS also keeps a journal of all stations heard and
connected to, but the clock and calendar of this function does
not yet seem to be set. For example, log listings are given as:

KA9NMD 00/00/00 00:00
KD2BD 00/00/00 00:00

Stations wishing to connect with U2MIR-1 should bear in mind that Musa
may come on voice at any time, so it is considered a BAD practice to
send connect packets until packet signals from U2MIR are first heard.
There also seems to be a very large variation in downlink signals from
Mir. It is sometimes helpful to open your receiver squelch during
weak signal periods to prevent your TNC from sending packets and exceeding
its retry count without having a chance of being heard by U2MIR due to
changes in spacecraft attitude and the resulting QSB. Programmable
transceivers should be used to transmit 5 KHz lower and receive 5 KHz
higher than 145.550 MHz at the time of AOS, move to 145.550 MHz at TCA,
and receive low and transmit high until LOS, in order to compensate for
doppler effect.


* NOAA SATELLITES *
===================
NOAA weather satellites transmit weather images taken in both visible
and infra-red light from low-Earth orbit on a regular basis. NOAA-12
is expected to be launched on 14-May-91 at 1552 UTC.

The current series of NOAA satellites transmit APT on the following VHF
frequencies:

NOAA- 9: 137.620 MHz
NOAA-10: 137.500 MHz
NOAA-11: 137.620 MHz

Odd numbered NOAA satellites can be copied during the mid-afternoon and
early morning hours. Even numbered NOAAs can be copied during the mid-
morning and mid-evening hours, local time.


* NOAA NEWS *
=============
NOAA is developing a directory of resources for earth observation
in education. The directory is one of several educational
projects NOAA is undertaking as part of International Space Year
(ISY) - 1992. The directory will serve as a resource on how
imagery from environmental satellites is being used in schools to
enhance learning. The core of the directory will consist of a
listing of schools worldwide that use real time satellite imagery
with a brief description of how the imagery is used in classroom
instruction. In addition, the directory will contain a section
on curriculum materials developed by teachers, a listing of
current manufacturers of hardware and software for receiving and
processing satellite images, and a bibliography on educational
applications of environmental satellites.

Any information that the users of NOAA satellite data, can
provide in support of this effort would be greatly appreciated.
If you know of any schools or teachers who are using environmental
satellite data in their curriculum, please let NOAA know.
Drop a letter or postcard to NOAA Educational Affairs
Office, Federal Building #4 Room 0158, Washington, DC 20233; or
call 301-763-4690 (24 hours a day) and leave a message with Ms.
Arlette Washington.


* TNX QSL! *
============
A special thanks to all those who sent QSLs and letters to SpaceNews:

PA0HTR : Henk Kanon, Den Helder, Netherlands
WA1STO : Rosalie White, ARRL, Newington, Connecticut, USA

....and e-mail messages:

KZ1Z, KA2SZO, K3ORC, KC6GWQ


* FEEDBACK WELCOMED *
=====================
Feedback regarding SpaceNews can be directed to the editor (John) via any
of the following paths:

INTERNET :
PACKET : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
UUCP : ...uunet!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd

MAIL : John A. Magliacane, KD2BD
Department of Electronics Technology
Advanced Technology Center
Brookdale Community College
765 Newman Springs Road
Lincroft, New Jersey 07738
U.S.A.



/EX
- --
John A. Magliacane FAX : (908) 747-7107
Electronics Technology Department AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
Brookdale Community College UUCP : ...!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd
Lincroft, NJ 07738 USA VOICE: (908) 842-1900 ext 607


Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!sdd.hp.com!ucsd!ucbvax!s5000.RSVL.UNISYS .COM!bert
From:
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio
Subject: U2MIR contact - does this count?
Message-ID:
Date: 4 Feb 91 18:32:17 GMT
Sender:
Organization: The Internet
Lines: 10

I tried to connect to U2MIR (and U2MIR-1) on packet this weekend and got
a BUSY, followed by the disconnect message from both calls. With 'MCOM ON', I
saw that everybody else was getting the same response: immediate 'DM' status
from U2MIR with no actual connects being made.
Now, this means HE (it?) ACTUALLY HEARD ME, so, does this count?

Sheepishly,
Bert Hyman W0RSB

....!uunet!s5000!bert


Xref: utzoo rec.ham-radio:30800 sci.space:27569
Path: utzoo!utgpu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!zaph od.mps.ohio-state.edu!magnus.ircc.ohio-state.edu!tut.cis.ohio-state.edu!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!linac!att!bellcore!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd
From: (John Magliacane)
Newsgroups: rec.ham-radio,sci.space
Subject: * SpaceNews 11-Feb-91 *
Keywords: U2MIR-1, Shuttle
Message-ID:
Date: 10 Feb 91 01:25:54 GMT
Organization: KA2QHD - OCEAN NJ
Lines: 134


SB SPACE @ ALLBBS KD2BD $SPC0211
* SpaceNews 11-Feb-91 *

Bulletin ID: $SPC0211


=========
SpaceNews
=========

MONDAY FEBRUARY 11, 1991

SpaceNews originates at KD2BD in Wall Township, New Jersey, USA. It
is published every week and is made available for unlimited distribution.



* U2MIR-1 NEWS *
================
Here is an example of what the U2MIR mailbox help file looks like:

B(ye) B [CR] disconnects you from PMS.
H(elp) H [CR] or ? [CR] displays this help file.
J(log) J [CR] displays a list of callsigns heard (optional date/time)
K(ill) K n [CR] deletes message number n (only to/from your callsign).
KM(ine) KM[CR] deletes all READ messages addressed to your call sign.
L(ist) L [CR] lists the 10 latest messages.
M(ine) M [CR] lists the 10 latest messages to/from your callsign.
R(ead) R n [CR] reads message number n.
S(end) S (callsign) [CR] begins a message addressed to (callsign).
Subject: max 28 characters ending with [CR].
Text: End each line with [CR]. End message by
typing /ex [CR] or CTRL-Z [CR]
at the beginning of a new line.
SR(eply) SR n[CR] Sends a reply to message n prompting only for text.
V(ersion) V [CR] displays the software version of the PMS system.

CMD(B/H/J/K/KM/L/M/R/S/SR/V/?)

U2MIR-5 was active last week when U2MIR-1 was issuing "busy" signals.


* MAGELLAN NEWS *
=================
The Magellan spacecraft has now completed over 944 mapping orbits covering
almost 50 percent of the surface of planet Venus. All systems on board
the spacecraft are performing well.


* SHUTTLE INFO *
================

Shuttle Communications Frequencies (UHF-AM)

243.000 MHz Standard military aircraft emergecy frequency
259.700 MHz Air-to-ground or suit-to-orbiter
279.000 MHz Suit-to-orbiter or suit-to-suit
296.000 MHz Primary UHF downlink
296.800 MHz Air-to-ground or orbiter-to-suit

The UHF communications system is primarily designed to support duplex
voice communications between EVA crew members and the orbiter. Two
UHF antennas are used in this system. The primary UHF antenna is an
annular slot antenna. The second antenna is a microstrip antenna having
a gain of -10dBci, and is primarily used by astronauts in the airlock.

Simplex mode:

The on-board voice signal from the audio system is first clipped to an
RMS-to-peak ratio of 0.427 (9.0 dB clipping) and filtered (300-3000 Hz)
before amplitude modulating the carrier with a modulation index of 90%.
Transmitter power is 10 watts.

EVA Mode:

The UHF communications system can support two astronauts performing EVA
for two-way duplex voice transmissions and reception of EKG signals.
In the primary mode, the orbiter UHF communications system transmits a
298.600 MHz carrier which is amplitude modulated by the voice signal.
It simultaneously receives the 259.700 MHz and 279.000 MHz AM carriers
from two astronauts. Each received Am carrier includes a voice channel
and a frequency modulated EKG subcarrier channel. Transmitter power is
lowered to 250 mW in EVA mode by bypassing the final power amplifier.

S-Band Microwave Frequencies (Wideband FM)

Air-to-Ground : 2205.0, 2217.5, 2250.0, 2287.5 MHz
Ground-to-Air : 2041.9, 2201.4 MHz

2287.5 MHz Primary digital downlink
2250.0 MHz Main engine analog telemetry during launch

The voice downlinks employ digital slope delta modulation and are
multiplexed with orbiter telemetry. Downlink TV is wideband FM.


* TNX QSL! *
============
A special thanks to all those who sent QSLs and letters to SpaceNews:

DE8MFJ : Peter Pfliegensdorfer, Haar-Ottendichl, Germany
VK8GF : Jeff Farmer, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia

....and e-mail messages:

VE2DBM, K3GLK, WB3JFS, N4IRR, G6FWT, KL7RH, WB9OEP


* FEEDBACK WELCOMED *
=====================
Feedback regarding SpaceNews can be directed to the editor (John) via any
of the following paths:

INTERNET :
PACKET : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
UUCP : ...uunet!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd

MAIL : John A. Magliacane, KD2BD
Department of Electronics Technology
Advanced Technology Center
Brookdale Community College
765 Newman Springs Road
Lincroft, New Jersey 07738
U.S.A.



/EX
- --
John A. Magliacane FAX : (908) 747-7107
Electronics Technology Department AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
Brookdale Community College UUCP : ...!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd
Lincroft, NJ 07738 USA VOICE: (908) 842-1900 ext 607




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