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Dee Flint January 29th 07 01:48 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 

"John Smith I" wrote in message
...
wrote:


...


Len:

I believe that they MUST APPLY to have that copyright lengthened, it does
not automatically occur (and, on or before a certain day the work will
expire copyright)--you'd be surprised how many works still fail that.
Although, some publishing houses are set up to "automatically apply", even
though they had no interest in the work they end up gaining possession of
the copyright!

Individuals/corps make a living though such "questionable practices."

Regards,
JS


Under the current laws there is no renewal. The max copyright length
applies automatically. The renewal requirement was dropped a long time ago.
Anything that fell out of copyright (i.e. was not renewed) before that
change occurred went into the public domain and stayed there (there are a
few exceptions but it gets too complicated). Those that were still under
copyright at the time of the change had their copyrights automatically
extended to the max length.

Dee, N8UZE



John Smith I January 29th 07 01:48 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 
wrote:

...


Goodbye troll ...

JS

[email protected] January 29th 07 02:03 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 
On Jan 28, 5:32�pm, robert casey wrote:

(N2EY wrote):

Then in 1965 the growth suddenly slowed to a trickle. In the next
decade or so, the
numbers hovered around 250,000, with some years a little up and some a
little
down. That was the year the Conditional distance went from 75 miles to
175 miles,
and the FCC added enough exam points so that almost all of CONUS was
covered.


Do you think that change might have affected growth?


Wasn't that about the time "incentive licensing" kicked in? *


Nope.

The Conditional distance changed from 75 to 175 miles on April 15,
1965. The changes known as "incentive licensing" did not become
effective until November 22, 1968 - more than three and a half years
later. The growth stoppage was noted in 1965. So it seems
very unlikely that those changes had any effect.

There were other factors besides the Conditional distance change,
IMHO. For example,
one of the main sources of new hams used to be SWLs and others who
would hear
hams using 'phone on their "shortwave" receivers, and would want to
join the fun. But
by 1964, SSB had become the most popular HF 'phone mode, and SSB was
unintelligible on most SWL receivers.

Another factor was the rise of the "counterculture" among young
people, who had fed the growth of ham radio all through the 1950s. Ham
radio was considered too "square" by many of them, too allied with the
military-industrial complex.

It's said
that hams were less than happy about having to upgrade to get back
frequencies they had the use of before.


Some were unhappy. Others simply took on the challenge and upgraded.
But those changes took place more than 3-1/2 years after the
Conditional distance changed.

And here's the kicker:

The "incentive licensing" restrictions took place in two stages, on
November 22, 1968 and November 22, 1969.

During the 1970s, the number of US hams grew much faster than they did
in the 1960s. By 1979 there were at least 350,000 US hams.

73 de Jim, N2EY


John Smith I January 29th 07 02:04 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 
Dee Flint wrote:

...
Under the current laws there is no renewal. The max copyright length
applies automatically. The renewal requirement was dropped a long time ago.
Anything that fell out of copyright (i.e. was not renewed) before that
change occurred went into the public domain and stayed there (there are a
few exceptions but it gets too complicated). Those that were still under
copyright at the time of the change had their copyrights automatically
extended to the max length.

Dee, N8UZE



Dee:

I defer to your knowledge. I have no horse in that race at this time.

Thanks, the data is nice to know though.

Warmest regards,
JS

[email protected] January 29th 07 02:15 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 


On Jan 28, 5:48�pm, "Dee Flint" wrote:
"John Smith I" wrote in ...





wrote:


...


Len:


I believe that they MUST APPLY to have that copyright lengthened, it does
not automatically occur (and, on or before a certain day the work will
expire copyright)--you'd be surprised how many works still fail that.
Although, some publishing houses are set up to "automatically apply", even
though they had no interest in the work they end up gaining possession of
the copyright!


Individuals/corps make a living though such "questionable practices."


Regards,
JSUnder the current laws there is no renewal. *The max copyright length

applies automatically. *The renewal requirement was dropped a long time ago.
Anything that fell out of copyright (i.e. was not renewed) before that
change occurred went into the public domain and stayed there (there are a
few exceptions but it gets too complicated). *Those that were still under
copyright at the time of the change had their copyrights automatically
extended to the max length.


Thank you, Dee...you must have gone to
www.copyrights.gov and looked at Circulars
15A and 15T, yes? :-)

LA


[email protected] January 29th 07 03:55 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 
John Smith I wrote:
wrote:


...


Goodbye troll ...


JS


Goodbye babbling, ineducatable twit.

--
Jim Pennino

Remove .spam.sux to reply.

Mike Coslo January 29th 07 04:03 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 
wrote in
ups.com:

On Jan 27, 10:20�pm, Mike Coslo wrote:
wrote
roup

s.com:

On Jan 27, 8:11�pm, Mike Coslo wrote:
wrote
roup
s.com:


* * * * a most interesting history lesson snipped for brevity


Generals. This was in the era when FCC not only had many
scheduled exams, but would also send out traveling examiners
upon request if a minimum number of examinees could be
guaranteed. Ham exam sessions were being conducted by FCC at
hamfests, conventions, and club meetings, and the perceived need
for the Conditional disappeared.


---


Your recollections are correct, Cecil, with minor corrections to
the Conditional distance. Which changed right around the time
you got the license, as did the retest rules.* * * *


* * Although I can see a few quirks here and there, I would have
to * * say
* * that overall the testing, requirements, and methods have impro

ved
* * over the years, rather than regressed.


On what do you base that conclusion, Mike?


I see the accessibility of the tests as improved. But that's about
it.


* * I had to chuckle at some of
* * the early stuff, which was awkward, and most arbitrary.


Like what?*


I'll answer this and the last question at one time. 75 miles, 150
miles. mail in tests, move closer than the "limit" lose your license
if you don't retest. Don't move, keep it. *That's just a little bit.
It all seems arbitrary, and almost capricious to me. YMMV.


The idea was that the FCC was balancing access to the test sessions
with maintaining control over the process. They were very concerned
about the whole process back then.

Remember that we're talking about 50+ years ago. Back then, there
were very clear memories of spy activities during both World Wars
where radio was used. (A US *amateur* discovered one during WW1
and brought it to the attention of the authorities by recording the
transmission). The '50s were the Cold War and the McCarthy era, too.

Maintaining control over every step of the licensing process was a big
deal to FCC back then.

It may seem arbitrary and capricious today, but it didn't back then.
Don't leave CONUS without a passport, btw.


It was committee work, and reeks of committee work




* * Some of
* * those tests amounted to "open book" tests, which are surely
easier * * than Open pool tests.


How?


The old tests were definitely not open book in any sense of the
word. You weren't even allowed to bring your own pencils in some
cases.*

* * *

Mailing the test in? At least ther was no chance whatsoever of
looking up the answer in the book, eh?


The way it worked was that you found a volunteer examiner (note the
lack of caps) and *s/he* sent away for the exam and the other forms.

When the test came from FCC in its special sealed envelope, the
volunteer examiner would not open it until the actual exam session
began, and would seal it up in another special envelope and send
it back to FCC. There was a form that had to be notarized, where
both the examinee and the volunteer examiner swore that the exam
was conducted according to the rules. Most people took such things
very seriously back then, particularly when the Feds were involved.

This may seem wide open to corruption, but I do not know of *any*
cases where the by-mail exam process was compromised. Rumors
of cheating do not count.


I don't know of any cheating either. But I don't think that this
generation has a monopoly on abberant behavior.


Remember too that this was in the days before copy machines were
common, and getting a "photostat" was a big deal.


I took the Novice exam from a local volunteer examiner back in 1967.
He took the process very seriously, as did I. He wanted to help new
hams,
but he wasn't about to compromise the process or risk his license, a
fine and a prison term.

How about a question like this:


"A manufacturer guarantees his crystals to be within .01% of the
marked frequency, when used in the recommended circuit at 20
degrees C. The crystals have a negative temperature coefficient of
50 parts per million per degree C.


What is the lowest whole-kilocycle frequency that should be ordered
for a 40 meter crystal, if the crystal is to be used in the
recommended circuit over the temperature range of 5 to 35 degrees
C? Allow 1 additional kilocycle to allow for crystal and component
aging.


Show all work."*


That was an important thing at that time.


Still is, in a way. The question could be modernized to calculating
the
dial setting on a ham rig where the temperature coefficient and
possible
error of the reference oscillator are known.


Would you put that question in an Amateur Radio test today?


And to be honest, I would
have to look a few things up to give a reasonable accurate answer.
But
the math is not that difficult, unless I am way off.


The point is that the person taking the test did not have those
options. They'd have to answer that sort of question with just pencil,
paper, and
maybe a slide rule. And the actual exam question would be similar, but
different - maybe it would state that a certain crystal was on hand,
and then ask if it met the criteria to be inside the band under all
operating
conditions. Maybe the temperature coefficient would be positive above
a certain temperature and negative below. And that would be *one*
question on the 50 question General test.


Wow, is this going to degenreate into how much easier people have
it today since we can use calculators? I can use a calculator, I can do
longhand, I can even do a sliderule - ours was the last class in school
that had to learn to use them.

I could give an
answer I had around 50 percent confidence in now, but if I was wrong,
it would be like the guff that Dave has to take with his "out of

band frenchmen". Mike the dumb nickle Extra that couldn't answer a
question from an old test! ;^)


I am confident that if you studied the concepts in that question, and
worked out the answer to it and similar questions a few times, you'd
be OK. But that's not the point.


Would seem like it. But while I could likely do the math from the
question, I don't know that much about crystals that maybe there was
something else that the student needed to know. to get a correct answer.


Can you see that being given a study question like that, and having to
work out a similar but different question during the exam, is a
completely different thing from a multiple choice public pool test?


Frankly, I don't see much of a difference. If I know that the
remight be a question regarding temp cofficient of quartz crystals on
teh test, I'd learn about them.


But unless the question isn't from any book, or just somehow shows
up on a test with no references anywhere to be found, I'd do a bit of
research and the answer would be forthcoming. Hard? Not in the least.


The research would have to be done before the test, though.


I did research before my tests.


And it's not about "hard". It's about how much the examinee has to
actually understand the material, and be able to demonstrate that
understanding.

No open book, no cheat sheets, no formulas given - and that's just
one question on the General exam.* * *


Maybe the steely eyed FCC examiner watches you take the test you
mail in so that you don't have to take the test in front of the
steely eyed FCC examiner?

See above about cheating.

* * * * Certainly if there were only a few exams existing for

the
*different
* * levels, it would be very important to be hush-hush about the
* * contents of those exams. It certainly would argue against
those
few tests being so much superior.


How would the existence of a few tests argue against that?


Jim, am I being obtuse or what? Seems to me that if there are only a
couple tests, that cheating would be much easier, that retesting
would likely expose the applicant to the same test again, and that
your "buddy" could give you some valuable hints.


There are ways to cheat almost any system. Do you know of any
actual cheating under the old system? There have been documented
cases of suspected cheating under the VEC system, where the FCC
caleed in hams who then flunked the retest.


Good, glad they were caught. One of the interesting things about
people when they get to be curmudgeons is that they use present day
exposures and punishments as some sort of evidence of corruption as
compared with the good old days, when there was apparently no corruption
because there wasn't any expose's of the wicked. Your argumen could be
used as saying that there was no steroid abuse in baseball before the
first person was caught....

I saw the same question from
your 1960's essay type question, and my 1950's guide. Unless we are
arguing extremely small points here, any differences between the
tests of the good old days and now just aren't big enough to be that
concerned about.


The process is a big part of it. But as I said before, the old exam
process is gone and won't come back any time soon - if ever.


This ham is glad of that. If that makes the old timers better than
me, then so be it.


In fact, as this discussion goes on in here and outside of this
group, I am more and more convinced that an equally acceptable
explanation is a sense of nostalgia, a yearning for good old days
that perhaps never really existed, and the fact that middle aged men
are capable of becoming *upset about just about anything.


Well, I'm not upset at all. Just accurate. Some people don't like
accuracy.


Jim, You are exxpressing an opinion. That you choos to describe
your opinion as accurate, then I guess it follows that you think (know)
that my opinion on the matter is innacurate.

Innacurate is a present day euphemism for lying.


I would hope that you are not accusing me of lying when I'm simply
offering my opinion.


And I would say that *human beings* - young, old, male, female - are
capable of becoming upset about just about anything.


Not to the extent that aging men do.

The most easily-upset person who posts to rrap isn't middle aged -
he's old. Gets upset over *any* disagreement with his views...;-)


I dont' know if upset is hte correct word. He's having his version
of fun with you folks that want to argue with him. Kind of a co-
dependency thing. ;^)


- 73 de Mike KB3EIA -

Mike Coslo January 29th 07 04:20 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 
wrote in
ups.com:

Mike Coslo wrote:


some snippage

I was a kid from a rather poor family. And yet I could get my parents
to help out with things-once I convinced then that I was serious.


That's great - and how it should be.

But not all families are like that. For example, "helping out" is
defined
differently by different families.

In my case, the parental units defined "helping out" as allowing me to
use a corner of the basement for my radio stuff, and allowing me
to hang antennas from the various trees and from the side of the
house.
Plus I didn't have to pay for the electricity I used to run the radio
corner.

*Everything* else connected with ham radio was on me. That's why I
say I was lucky to live so close to an FCC exam point.

Regardless, effort is the important thing, and I don't see it as
different.


But it *is* different.


Even if the parents don't support the child's wish to learn the hobby,
the situation isn't permanent. The young 'un can graduate, move out of
the house, and then travel to the testing site.


I can't
imagine that a peron who went to the trouble of learning the
material would feel otherwise.

I can. And it's not about how anyone felt - it's about the reality
of the requirements.


It all depends on the situation, Mike. Consider the case posed by
K8MN, which was very common in the 1950s and 1960s. How was a young
1950s ham supposed to get to a license test session 120 miles away,
and be there before 8 AM on a weekday morning?


Perhaps it was a filter like learning CW? (oops, my bad)


Remember too that the distance rule was "air line", meaning
straight- line
distance on the map, not actual distance on the road. In many
places, 125 miles air-line could be twice that on the road. More
than three hours
at the common speed limit of 40 mph - if everything went according
to plan.


Living in central PA, I'm painfully aware of that. My parents house
is around 5 miles away by air, but no closer than 11 iles by car.


How long would it take to drive from there to Philly or Pittsburgh
back before the Interstate Highway system?


I once went to a Pirates game at old Forbes Field at some point in
the 60's. I think it took something over 3 hours. NOw it takes
something around 2.5 hours. Oddly enough, the best way isn't by
interstate, but nasty old route 22.


What do you think it was like in the Rockies, where 175 miles air-line
could be twice that by road?

For me, the biggest difficulty in getting to the FCC office was the
fact that
tests in the Philly office were only given on Mondays, Tuesdays and
Wednesdays - which were all school days. Young hams like me had to
wait for summer, or a school holiday that was not a Federal
holiday. (There was no way a school kid would skip school for a day
to take a ham radio exam!) With the 30 day wait to retest, there
was a real incentive to pass on the first try.


I'll bet it was an incredibly exciting event for you, no?


It was a *serious* event, more than exciting. If a kid timed it right,
there
could be as many as three chances to test in a single summer. But it
was a long stretch through the school year. About the only chance we
had back then was the Christmas break - if the holiday didn't also
close
the FCC office.

No sarcasm here, I'm serious.


The point I would make is that the perceived "difficulty" included
both
the test itself and accessing it. As I have said before, making the
test
sessions more accessible is a Good Thing.

I was lucky - all I needed was decent shoes and a couple of
subway tokens. Three quarters of a mile to the 69th Street
Terminal, the Market-Frankford Subway-Elevated to 2nd Street,
and a block south to the US Custom House.

I travelled about 120 mikes fro my Tech, about 300 for my
General
written CSCE, a mere 20 for my Element 1, and aroud 70 for my
Extra.

Round trip or one way? Weekday or weekend? Did you have to be there
at 8 AM or be turned away?


I was going to become a ham, but I couldn't get there before 9
am..... ;^)


I could leave the house at 7 and be at the FCC office by 8 without
even walking fast.
Easy.

Most of all, note the wide variation in distances. I'll bet you
went to different VE sessions at various hamfests, some close to
home, some
not. You went when it was convenient for *you*.


Only the General CSCE was at a Hamfest. The rest I looked up and went
to.


Point is, you had lots of options. That's a Good Thing.

My point is that in the Conditional days there was no choice. You
went to the FCC office, on their schedule, unless you lived beyond
the Conditional distance.


And note this most of all: FCC didn't change the distance in 1954
because of concern for hams having to travel long distances to get
to
an exam session. FCC changed the distance to reduce their workload
giving the exams!


I had to look up to see what we were discussiong here, Jim.
My
point is that I seriously doubt that eliminating the mail ins
harmed Amateur radio. Numbers continued to grow (I believe) and
by the 60's, American society was becoming much more mobile.


The facts are somewhat different.

Amateur radio in the USA grew from about 60,000 hams in 1946 to about
250,000
in 1964. That's a quadrupling in less than 20 years, which works out
to around 8% growth per year for 18 years. At least 190,000 new hams
if nobody dropped out. Probably over 200,000 - more than 10,000 per
year.

Then in 1965 the growth suddenly slowed to a trickle. In the next
decade or so, the
numbers hovered around 250,000, with some years a little up and some a
little
down. That was the year the Conditional distance went from 75 miles to
175 miles,
and the FCC added enough exam points so that almost all of CONUS was
covered.

Do you think that change might have affected growth?


Hard to say. The mid sixties were a period of interesting social
change. Amateurs might have been considerd part of the
"establishment. I was kinda young at that point, so I could only
hazard a guess.

Perhaps some information could be picked up from what happened when
the travel rules went away?

- 73 de Mike KB3EIA -

Mike Coslo January 29th 07 04:31 AM

Those Old Study Guides
 
Cecil Moore wrote in news:lB6vh.36134$QU1.13970
@newssvr22.news.prodigy.net:

Mike Coslo wrote:
But they did, didn't they?


Yes, they did. But their old clunker had thrown a rod the
last trip we made to Houston and they thought it might
happen again. My Mother (God rest her soul) harped at me
about breaking down for the entire six hour round trip.


Sounds like a Catholic family! ;^)



She
wasn't proud that I passed - she just asked if I scored 100.
I wonder how many hams rode to the FCC office in a vehicle
that was manufactured before they were born? :-)

I had a rough time talking my parents into getting me my first
radios. I had to convince them I was serious. Perhaps the same
situation existed for you?


My parents made me pay for my ham rig out of my grocery
store earnings before they would take me to get my license.
That was my test of seriousness. I already had an S-53, a
Globetrotter, and a 40m dipole before I took my Novice exam.
After I received my license, I couldn't get the Globetrotter
to load so I traded it in on a Globe Scout. All the Globetrotter
had for an output was a link coupling wound on the final tank
coil. Thank goodness, the Globe Scout had an adjustable pi-net
output. :-)

I bought my ham gear on time payments and was making 50 cents
an hour at the time working on Saturdays.



Fortunately I got my radio's as presents. I did however, want to join a
band. They bought me a guitar, but after that I was on my own. I bought
a guitar amp and a PA amp, and was making payments while awfully young
too. But then again, I was making between 100 to 200 dollars a week
while in high school in the late 60's early seventies. That was some
serious jack at the time for a kid!


Can you imagine an
out-of-state company trusting a 14 year old teenager on a time
payment contract nowadays with no co-signer?


It is pretty amazing.

- 73 de Mike KB3EIA -




Bob Brock January 29th 07 05:12 AM

Feb 23 is the No-code date
 

"Mike Coslo" wrote in message
36...
"Bob Brock" wrote in
:

On the other hand, we could identify what the critical tasks a ham
operator needs to operate, tell the prospective ham what those tasks
are, give the prospective ham the answers to those tasks (such as a
question and answer pool) and then test on those identified
objectives. After the new ham gets his license to get on the air, we
could provide him with a learning environment to enhance those basic
skills and become a more experienced and adept operator.

Me, I go for plan "B."


Hear, hear!

Q and A pools are here to stay, Amateur radio is no exception. The
moaning and wailing, gnashing of teeth and hand wringing about the good
old days -that my research convinces me *weren't* anyhow - is more
likely just nostalgia for a time that didn't really exist.


I agree.

I can understand that a little bit. Since I got my license, I've
started a love affair with hollow state. I love the heat, the look and
feel, even the smell of that vintage equipment.

But there is too much evidence that those good old days weren't all
that good after all.

I wonder who is going to provide a better learning environment,
people such as myelf - a presumably substandard product of the dumbed
down newfangled system, who only passed a 5wpm code test, and the
"easy" new tests, or one of the old geniuses who comes into the room
with the attitude that the new ham is as likely an idiot as not?


My experience so far is that it's up to the new guy to learn on his own.




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