Steve Nosko wrote:
"The power in the load (meter) in the chopper case is not the same as it
is in the resistor case!"

A square wave has the same heating value as d-c because it has identical
amplitude and both alternations are equally effective in producing heat.
Power is indifferent to polarity.

The sine wave has an amplitude 1.414X its effective value. The heat
produced over a period is the average of the sum of the instantaneous
powers of increments within a cycle.

Someone argued that resistance is an agency which removes power from the
scene. Thus, Zo is a resistance.

I would rather define resistance as the ratio of the applied emf to the
resulting current in the circuit. The current must be in-phase with the
applied voltage..

With my definition, the Zo of the transmission line as defined by the
square root of L/C makes sense to me. It is a lossless resistance.

Best regards, Richard Harrison, KB5WZI