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			David:
 [snip]
 i'm sorry, but that just isn't true.  make me an equivalent, with a
 distributed line, of a 1v step voltage source in series with a 1ohm
 resistor.
 [snip]
 
 A 1volt step voltage in series with a zero length transmission line
 terminated in a 1 Ohm resistor!
 
 Dave, all electrical systems, lumped and distributed alike, obey
 the Maxwell-Heaviside equations.  They are all the same, not
 different as you claim!
 
 Prior to Maxwell [mid 1800's] folks believed that lumped and
 distributed systems might obey different laws, but ever since
 Maxwell wrote down his celebrated 22
 equations, using quaternions, and Oliver Heaviside reduced
 them to 4 neat little vector differential equations back in
 the mid 1800's, most everyone, with the apparent exception
 of yourself, has accepted that lumped and distributed systems
 obey the same laws!
 
 What exactly is your point?
 
 Do you believe that lumped systems are described by different
 laws than distributed systems?  Are you trying to convince me
 of that 150 year old discredited idea?
 
 All macro - electrical systems confirm to the same laws of
 electrodynamics, namely the Maxwell-Heaviside equations.
 
 The only systems where Maxwell-Heaviside fails to predict
 physical reality is when dealing with the "very" small, i.e.
 quantum mechanics when one has to do Engineering and
 make predictions and design one-photon-at-time.  In this
 case you have to use quantum electrodynamics or QED
 but still all systems, lumped or distributed must obey QED
 and Maxwell-Heaviside is just a special case or approximation
 to QED laws in the aggregate when there are lots of photons.
 
 Dave you will have a lot of arguing to do to convince modern
 electro-technologists that lumped systems obey different laws
 from distributed systems.  Or that the equations of lumped
 impedance matching are any different from transmission
 line impedance matching.  They are the same!  The models
 are the same, the mathematics are the same, the experiments
 confirm that they are the same.
 
 Exactly what is your point?
 
 --
 Peter K1PO
 Indialantic By-the-Sea, FL.
 
 
 
 
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