No problem! The Navy kept fairly quiet about their ELF communications.
They shut down the ELF transmitters a little over a year ago. Wonder
what they're using as a replacement? They were doing experiments with a
satellite based green laser I had heard (while I was still working at
Project ELF)...The ELF signal used MSK modulation (Minimum Shift
Keying), which is similar to RTTY, only the shift between Mark and Space
was 4 or 8 Hz, depending on rate of transmission. Took 5 minutes to
send 3 alpha characters...most hams wouldn't have the patience to copy
at that speed



Scott



Tim Wescott wrote:

Scott wrote:

Slight correction...our (U.S.) subs using ELF worked at about 50-80
Hz. I worked at one of the land-based transmitters for 5 years.

Scott


Tim Wescott wrote:

Asimov wrote:

Hi,

I was thinking about why radio wave communications are not generally
used underwater. Basically I'm asking what are the quantitative
components of the underwater medium that makes it impractical except
for perhaps very short ranges. Things like attenuation, impedance,
etc... Does any one here know these details or have them handy?

A*s*i*m*o*v

... Acme Corp: Unlimited credit for disadvantaged coyotes.

The conductivity of water causes great attenuation at all but very
low frequencies. Think "skin effect".

That having been said, the US Navy (and probably all other folks with
subs) use extremely low frequency RF (30kHz IIRC) to communicate with
strategic nuclear subs.

Boy I'm glad for that "IIRC" I put in there. Thanks.