Current across the antenna loading coil - from scratch
Tom, W8JI wrote:
"It isn`t standing waves, it is missing electrical degrees."
That could be sarcasm because it certainly could be standing waves.
In a coil the RF signal travels as a surface wave around the turns of
the coil (helix) at about the velocity of light. Hopper`s rule says this
is about one foot in a billionth of a second (one nanosecond).
Self inductance can`t magically induce the signal in one end of a coil
instantaneously into the opposite end of the coil. Here`s why. Current
in the coil induces voltage and current lags the applied voltage by
90-degrees (1/4 of the time required for a complete cyclr). That`s a
delay.
Antenna systems produce a reflection from the open-circuit at the tip of
an antenna. The incident wave reaching the tip reverses its direction
becoming the reflected wave, traveling in the opposite direction from
the incident wave. You likely have seen the interference pattern
produced by incident and reflected waves on a transmission line in a
book. The same pattern starts at the tip of an antenna not terminated in
its Zo.
At certain points on the signal path the voltages in the two waves will
be in phase and will add, while at other points they will be out of
phase and subtract. The points along the path where the two voltages are
in phase are points of maximum voltage and minimum current and are
spaced one-half wavelength apart. The points along the path where the
two voltages are 180-degrees out of phase are points of minimum voltage
and maximum current and are also spaced one-half wavelength apart. The
distance between alternate points is one-quarter wavelength.
Coil, wire, free-space, whever you have an incident wave and its
reflection on a path, you will get this interference pattern on a
conductor. So, a loading coil is going to have variations of voltage and
current caused by an energy reflection with or without coupling to the
rest of the universe.
Best regards, Richard Harrison, KB5WZI
|