Art, KB9MZ......XG wrote:
"Thus we see the escaping particles emminating from at least two points
in poyntings circles not as a continuous wave but as two or more swarms
of particles in the form of an energy wave in what is known as the near
field."

Despite Art`s disdain of radio amateurs, competent authors, and parrots,
perhaps a mechanical engineer might be advised to consult
"Radio-Electronic Transmission Fundamentals" by B. Whitfield Griffith,
Jr., an electrical engineer from M.I.T., and a radio amateur, N5SU. He
clearly explains how directional antennas work.

Art should also study "Transmission Lines, Antennas, and Wave Guides" by
King, Mimno, and Wing. It was written for non-electrical engineers.

On page 86 it says:
"An effective abntenna is always an electric circuit that does not
satisfy the conditions for the near zone."

Best regards, Richard Harrison, KB5WZI