On Jan 10, 3:46 pm, Art Unwin wrote:
... If a radiator is not in equilibrium there is a literal current flow
on the outside which by the standard laws requires a literal
current flow in the opposite direction.

Art: Whether or not a radiator meets your definition of
"equilibrium," the r-f current flow along it ALWAYS falls to ~zero at
its unterminated end(s). It MUST do so, as no real, physical path to
conduct r-f current.exists beyond such a limit.

The near-total reflection of such current results in the standing wave
patterns seen in the plots linked below.

This link also shows that the reflected current travels along the
outside of the conductor. If it did not, it would NOT result in these
current distributions carefully measured by Gihring and Brown over 70
years ago, and which you continue to spurn.

http://i62.photobucket.com/albums/h8...reAntennas.gif

RF