On Jan 14, 10:39*am, "JB" wrote:
What diametric ratio must a fractional wave length radiator be to
allow contrary current flow thru it's center. ?
Diameter / wavelength = 1.0, * *0.5, *0.1. * * 0.001, * * *0.0001,
0.00001,...?
Regards
Art

That depends on your return on investment in cost and labor, and the
application. *Since the skin effect applies, thankfully, the flow through
the center is less of an issue.

Should we use tubular elements?

Or as some have done, use Silver or Copper plated steel wire or rod? *At
some frequencies, this is profitable.

Why should we "allow contrary current flow through it's center." as opposed
to promoting the skin effect, since current flow through the center does not
radiate? *Like eddy currents in a transformer are just loss.

Right JB.
If it didn't flow thru the center one could assume that it would
radiate. Thus
keeping the current flow on the outside allows us to use micro length
antennas
since radiation occurs all the time. Whow
If one sees the current flowing thru the center where the losses are
small then one can deduce
that radiation is conmensurate to length up to a maximum of one
wavelength.
By golly isn't that the same solution that the books advocate without
the invention of a circuit that flows when the circuit is abruptly
terminated.
Newton's laws advocate equilibrium as an absolute. Maxwell followed
this absolute when formulating his laws. Application of Gaussian law
of statics by using the eddict of equilibrium
confirms the laws of Maxwell. Antenna programs that are allowed to
follow the edicts of Maxwells laws again substantiate the edict of
equilibrium.
So with all of the above I am inclined to trust such computor programs
but NOT the atributions
supplied to explain the conditions that theories atribute to the
explanation of why agreement is shown with respect to equilibrium plus
the mathematics involved in all the above cases.
I do not know of any other accepted circuit in physics where a circuit
is abruptly terminate and still meet the requirement of equilibrium.
When it is broadly agreed that radiation is not fully understood
when following existing explanations I am inclined to question the
theories

Note Antenna programs with optimizer allows the user to initially
insert a design for a particular requirement and the program will make
corrections to that design by the application of Maxwells laws to
achieve the required object by a solution that is in equilibrium.
Programs WITHOUT an optimizer provides an answer based only on the
metrics inserted and without correction
I.E insert a planar design and the results arrived at reflects the
input only and not the array that completely follows Maxwell which
provides for superior results which never is a planar design
Best regards
Art Unwin....KB9MZ.... xg (uk)
Now to shovel the snow wbhere it is very, very cold.