On Jan 14, 3:49*pm, Roy Lewallen wrote:
I don't want to add ammunition to support Art's gibberish, but it's
interesting and not widely known that current *does* flow in the
opposite direction to the main flow, at certain depths in a homogeneous
conductor.

In a solid conductor, the current density does, of course, decrease
exponentially with depth. The depth at which it's decayed to 1/e (about
37%) of the surface density is the "skin depth". This is why a hollow
tube is just as good a conductor as a solid one, providing only that the
tube wall is at least several skin depths thick.

But the *phase* of the current changes with depth, too, quite
dramatically. As you go each skin depth deeper below the surface, the
phase becomes one radian (about 57 degrees) more lagging. So at pi skin
depths below the surface, the current is completely out of phase with
the surface current, i.e., it's flowing in the opposite direction. Of
course, the current density at this point is very small, only 1/e^pi ~
4% of the surface density, so only a small fraction of the total current
flows completely backward. (Good thing!) At two pi skin depths, the
current is again in phase with the surface current, but its magnitude is
only 1/e^(2*pi) ~ 1/500 of the surface density. And so forth.

This isn't of much immediate practical use, and it's certainly not
offered as supporting in any way Art's fanciful theories (whatever they
might be). But it is an interesting fact.

Roy Lewallen, W7EL

Exactly.
And every phase change support current /charge flow in the opposite
direction
in accordance with Newtons laws. Use a vector drawing to prove it for
yourself !
Or provide same as proof of my errors.
While you are at it do the same for a full wave radiator which IS in
equilibrium per Maxwells law
when the inner vector is now non existant since radiation occurs on
the surface at all times in accordance with the "tank circuit"
abilities And where the center path is only resistive in the case of a
fractional wave antenna. This is very, very basic physics to which I
know no challedge in the physics world. For you it is no difference
when you were affiliated with QST and supported the
commercial publishing of rediculas specifications to oppose change.
Sooner or later you will again have to change your tune to one that
does not include opposition to the truth.
The book that Richard is quoting is available on the web for $1.99
which will allow you to confront all the authors of their "rediculus"
errors at the same time together with all the Universities that use
the book as part of their physics curriculum
I await your appearance on CNN where it will undoubtably push aside
the viewing of the president

Cecil,
This is how you defrock the self perceived pompous expert. He
ofcourse does make errors which he will not own up to.
Art Unwin......KB9MZ....(xg)