"Richard Fry" wrote
...
On Sep 23, 6:05 am, Szczepan Bia³ek wrote:

The Luxembourg effect is only possible if the both ends of the dipole are
"visible". The mast was on the tip top.

The Luxemburg effect is not produced by a dipole.

It was the vertical 1/2WL dipole. The doubled frequency was received in
England (I am not sure).
The same was in Warsaw (but collapsed - now is the monopole mast 1/4WL). The
doubled frequency was received in Austria.


It has been ascribed to be produced in the ionosphere when two very
strong EM waves cross-modulate. More likely it occurs when co-
located, high power transmitters cross-modulate in their output stages
due to coupling between their antennas.

Now you have my description. Which one do you prefer?

Now no vertical LW masts. But everybody has a
horizontal dipole.

A horizontal dipole produces horizontally polarized EM radiation,
which has very high propagation loss for the ground wave.

For this reason vertical polarization is universally used for LW and
MW signals.

Are now vertical dipole masts 1/2WL?

Frequency doubling is at all waves. To observe the frequency doubling the
both ends must have the same possibilities. The vertical dipoles have ends
on difeferent altitudes.
S*