Szczepan Bialek wrote:

napisa? w wiadomo?ci
...
Szczepan Bialek wrote:

In todays world of circuit boards, there is often no chassis.

Most portable equipment these days is a circuit board in a plastic box.

"This is usually a
large conductor attached to one side of the power supply (such as the
"ground plane" on a printed circuit board) "

Which does not exist on all printed circuit boards.

You are again attempting to make something that sometimes exists into
something that allways exists.

No chassis.

No ground, as in to the Earth, connection.

The "large conductor" works as the earth.

On many modern circuit boards there is no large conductor.

You are a babbling idiot.