Szczepan Bialek wrote:

"Ian Jackson" napisal w wiadomosci
...

I think we need to avoid Szczepan's black and white (and usually
completely wrong) way of thinking about things. We need to consider "When
does a monopole become a dipole" (or vice versa).

With no actually ground connection, you could have a nominal monopole with
(say) only one radial (eg an extremely badly radiating quarterwave radial
running horizontally at ground level, and a quarterwave radiating element
going vertically (or semi-vertically) upwards. If you then raise the
radial so that it starts to radiate better - or if you raise the whole
antenna system away from the ground - it will then increasingly become a
dipole.

Real dipole has symmetric voltages not in phase (180).

True but totally irrelevant to anything said here.

Of course, while a monopole with a single ground-level radial (and no
ground connection) would work quite well, it would not be as good as if
you added more (preferably spread out) radials. And the more radials you
add - especially if any overall radiation from the radials is negligible -
makes the antenna system more definitely a monopole than a dipole.

I have found that in Polish description the dipole used by radio-amateurs
consists of the radiator and the counterpoise.

The your Polish radio amateurs would be idiots or your understanding of
Polish is just as bad as your understanding of English.

It is explained that it is geometrically symmetric.

Likely about the ONLY thing you have said that is both true and relevant.

Does anybody use the real dipole?

The dipole is likely the most common type of antenna in use at frequencies
above about 2 MHz, so yes, thousands and thousand of people and organizatons
use dipoles.

How many antennas have you built and used?