A tank circuit represents an antenna closed circuit where in the
absence of friction shows the action of electric field changing to a
magnetic field as a sample of perpetual motion. However perpetual
motion does not exist so to account for all forces involved we have to
determine the amount of friction. We cannot use a series circuit as we
have no way of determining friction OR the point of the curve crossing
the the zero reactance level.
Thus we have to use a parallel circuit where we can use the cross over
point as being a period where it is seen as balanced and in
equilibrium.
The reason we cannot use a series circuit or anything pertaining to a
fractional wave in examining the performance of a radiator is because
the impedance curve does not represent a true sine wave. After a
period of time has occurred the source replaces any frictional losses
that have occurred. To do this the amplitude of the curve at the
beginning of a cycle moves higher than any othe point on the curve
where it replaces and exceeds the frictional losses that have
occurred. By doing this it uses time that is not in accordance to a
true sine wave and detracts from the accuracy of the following curve.
This useage of time during a period or cycle must be accounted for if
one is to determine all forces involved, which is why equilibrium or
balance must be followed when determining the characteristics of
radiation. There fore ,it should be seen that a full wave length or
multiples there of should be considered when dealing with radiators
since otherwise we are ignoring the overshoot effect required to
replace frictional losses.
Modern computer programs equiped with an optimiser are equiped to deal
with this as they will modify any inputs such that they are in
accordance with Maxwells laws where all forces are considered.
In the case of a yagi it must be seen that each element radiates
including the last one where the value is unknown and not included in
a fudged result. If one supplies an input that does not pre guide a
planar solution all optimiser programs will account for all forces
involved and will always supply an array that is not planar as a yagi
shows.
Thus for accurracy with respect to Maxwells laws one must have an
array that is in equilibrium which reflects Newtons laws where vectors
outside the "boundary" such as gravity and the Earths rotatation is
reflected by opposing vectors within the boundary. The consequences of
this is that the rotation vector in combination of that of gravity
will always produce an array that opposes gravity alone as with a
vertical at 90 degrees to the Earths surface if one pursuit is
accuracy.
The requirement of equilibrium is shown by the law of Gauss which when
added by a time varying field equates to the laws of Maxwell which
demands the presence of equilibrium and shows that a static particle
must be present to provide mass to which, via accelleration or
decelleration, which serves as the carrier of charge or charge.
This in no way conflicts with ideas or theories that particles and
waves can provide similar properties under certain cercumstances but
instead provides proof that particles are the carriers of what is
known as communication.
Cheers and beers.
Art Unwin KB9MZ...xg

On Mar 11, 10:28*am, Art Unwin wrote:
A tank circuit represents an antenna closed circuit where in the
absence of friction shows the action of electric field changing to a
magnetic field as a sample of perpetual motion. However perpetual
motion does not exist so to account for all forces involved we have to
determine the amount of friction. We cannot use a series circuit as we
have no way of determining friction OR the point of the curve crossing
the the zero reactance level.
Thus we have to use a parallel circuit where we can use the cross over
point as being a period where it is seen as balanced and in
equilibrium.
The reason we cannot use a series circuit or anything pertaining to a
fractional wave in examining the performance of a radiator is because
the impedance curve does not represent a true sine wave. After a
period of time has occurred the source replaces any frictional losses
that have occurred. To do this the amplitude of the curve at the
beginning of a cycle moves higher than any othe point on the curve
where it replaces and exceeds the frictional losses that have
occurred. By doing this it uses time that is not in accordance to a
true sine wave and detracts from the accuracy of the following curve.
This useage of time during a period or cycle must be accounted for if
one is to determine all forces involved, which is why equilibrium or
balance must be followed when determining the characteristics of
radiation. There fore ,it should be seen that a full wave length or
multiples there of should be considered when dealing with radiators
since otherwise we are ignoring the overshoot effect required to
replace frictional losses.
Modern computer programs equiped with an optimiser are equiped to deal
with this as they will modify any inputs such that they are in
accordance with Maxwells laws where all forces are considered.
In the case of a yagi it must be seen that each element radiates
including the last one where the value is unknown and not included in
a fudged result. If one supplies an input that does not pre guide a
planar solution all optimiser programs will account for all forces
involved and will always supply an array that is not planar as a yagi
shows.
* * Thus for accurracy with respect to Maxwells laws one must have an
array that is in equilibrium which reflects Newtons laws where vectors
outside the "boundary" such as gravity and the Earths rotatation is
reflected by opposing vectors within the boundary. The consequences of
this is that the rotation vector in combination of that of gravity
will always produce an array that opposes gravity alone as with a
vertical at 90 degrees to the Earths surface if one pursuit is
accuracy.
The requirement of equilibrium is shown by the law of Gauss which when
added by a time varying field equates to the laws of Maxwell which
demands the presence of equilibrium and shows that a static particle
must be present to provide mass to which, via accelleration or
decelleration, which serves as the carrier of charge or charge.
This in no way conflicts with ideas or theories that particles and
waves can provide similar properties under certain cercumstances but
instead provides proof that particles are the carriers of what is
known as communication.
Cheers and beers.
Art Unwin * *KB9MZ...xg

If Maxwell and Gauss building on the observations of Newton
postulated that particles were the carriers of charge fpr
communication it is essential that we determiune where the particle of
mass came from together with its properties.
For consistencies sake we will continue with what boundary laws leads
us to.
Obviously the particle was initially with in a boundary when the
boundary was broken.
Since the Sun shows that it has a connection with communication let us
assume that It is the Sun inside the boundary or something else within
that boundary. If the boundary is to be broken mass is to escape. This
it can do by applying a vector on the boundary that removes
equilibrium. At the same time as the mass proceeds thro the hinged
breakage another vector is created on the escaping particle which
imparts spin. It is these same two vectors that are at the end of a
long chain of vectors which are those of gravity and the Earths
rotation. It is known that each cubic metre of volume of air on Earth
contains billions of particles that arrive from outer space where they
look for a place to rest. Most of the Earth is covered by diamagnetic
materials or surface and we can see the effect of these particles that
provide a skin upon diamagnetic surface such as water, aluminum. These
particles squeeze themselves together such that they can form water
into droplets where the particles are strong enough to completely
encapsulate the water or most liquides that
do not retain the effects of magnetism.
We make our antennas of diamagnetic materials where the surface is
completely covered with the smallest particles known to man.
Application of a time varying field applies vector forces upon the
material surface where these vectors are three dimensional form such
that they can elevate and eject these particles in a accellerated
manner so they may carry a charge ( see my page for current flow
diag). The particles being the smallest known mass
represents the highest acceleration possible and where it happens to
be equal to the speed of light.
It must be noted that a radio can only apply a time varying current to
a radiator which has a pre determined speed in metal so that the
period or cycle can be determined. This speed in metal becomes very
important when dealing with creation of fields and the impact of this
particle on materials where the penetration of such particles can
attenuate the charge that it carries such that it can lose 3 db of
charge for a penetration oif one skin depth and continues in parabolic
form when it produces a vortex.
The two vectors or forces shown show why Einstein considered a
standard model was possible in the same way humans follow a genetic
code. Einstein eventually was able to determine the presense of
particles by another method or physic science. For those familiar with
the double slit experiment depth penetration or surface encapsulation
of
orifices were never taken into consideration so the conclusions cannot
be seen as complete. Hopefully this satifies the request where
allsqlient particulars are supplied other than whether a, b.c.or d
should be marked in the event of an exam.
Cheers and beers
Arrt Unwin .....KB9MZ.....xg

On Mar 11, 11:26*am, Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 10:28*am, Art Unwin wrote:



A tank circuit represents an antenna closed circuit where in the
absence of friction shows the action of electric field changing to a
magnetic field as a sample of perpetual motion. However perpetual
motion does not exist so to account for all forces involved we have to
determine the amount of friction. We cannot use a series circuit as we
have no way of determining friction OR the point of the curve crossing
the the zero reactance level.
Thus we have to use a parallel circuit where we can use the cross over
point as being a period where it is seen as balanced and in
equilibrium.
The reason we cannot use a series circuit or anything pertaining to a
fractional wave in examining the performance of a radiator is because
the impedance curve does not represent a true sine wave. After a
period of time has occurred the source replaces any frictional losses
that have occurred. To do this the amplitude of the curve at the
beginning of a cycle moves higher than any othe point on the curve
where it replaces and exceeds the frictional losses that have
occurred. By doing this it uses time that is not in accordance to a
true sine wave and detracts from the accuracy of the following curve.
This useage of time during a period or cycle must be accounted for if
one is to determine all forces involved, which is why equilibrium or
balance must be followed when determining the characteristics of
radiation. There fore ,it should be seen that a full wave length or
multiples there of should be considered when dealing with radiators
since otherwise we are ignoring the overshoot effect required to
replace frictional losses.
Modern computer programs equiped with an optimiser are equiped to deal
with this as they will modify any inputs such that they are in
accordance with Maxwells laws where all forces are considered.
In the case of a yagi it must be seen that each element radiates
including the last one where the value is unknown and not included in
a fudged result. If one supplies an input that does not pre guide a
planar solution all optimiser programs will account for all forces
involved and will always supply an array that is not planar as a yagi
shows.
* * Thus for accurracy with respect to Maxwells laws one must have an
array that is in equilibrium which reflects Newtons laws where vectors
outside the "boundary" such as gravity and the Earths rotatation is
reflected by opposing vectors within the boundary. The consequences of
this is that the rotation vector in combination of that of gravity
will always produce an array that opposes gravity alone as with a
vertical at 90 degrees to the Earths surface if one pursuit is
accuracy.
The requirement of equilibrium is shown by the law of Gauss which when
added by a time varying field equates to the laws of Maxwell which
demands the presence of equilibrium and shows that a static particle
must be present to provide mass to which, via accelleration or
decelleration, which serves as the carrier of charge or charge.
This in no way conflicts with ideas or theories that particles and
waves can provide similar properties under certain cercumstances but
instead provides proof that particles are the carriers of what is
known as communication.
Cheers and beers.
Art Unwin * *KB9MZ...xg

If Maxwell and Gauss *building on the observations of Newton
postulated that particles were the carriers of charge fpr
communication it is essential that we determiune where the particle of
mass came from together with its properties.
For consistencies sake we will continue with what boundary laws leads
us to.
Obviously the particle was initially with in a boundary when the
boundary was broken.
Since the Sun shows that it has a connection with communication let us
assume that It is the Sun inside the boundary or something else within
that boundary. If the boundary is to be broken mass is to escape. This
it can do by applying a vector on the boundary that removes
equilibrium. At the same time as the mass proceeds thro the hinged
breakage another vector is created on the escaping particle which
imparts spin. It is these same two vectors that are at the end of a
long chain of vectors which are those of gravity and the Earths
rotation. It is known that each cubic metre of volume of air on Earth
contains billions of particles that arrive from outer space where they
look for a place to rest. Most of the Earth is covered by diamagnetic
materials or surface and we can see the effect of these particles that
provide a skin upon diamagnetic surface such as water, aluminum. These
particles squeeze themselves together such that they can form water
into droplets where the particles are strong enough to completely
encapsulate the water or most liquides that
do not retain the effects of magnetism.
We make our antennas of diamagnetic materials where the surface is
completely covered with the smallest particles known to man.
Application of a time varying field applies vector forces upon the
material surface where these vectors are three dimensional form such
that they can elevate and eject these particles in a accellerated
manner so they may carry a charge ( see my page for current flow
diag). The particles being the smallest known mass
represents the highest acceleration possible and where it happens to
be equal to the speed of light.
It must be noted that a radio can only apply a time varying current to
a radiator which has a pre determined speed in metal so that the
period or cycle can be determined. This speed in metal becomes very
important when dealing with creation of fields and the impact of this
particle on materials where the penetration of such particles can
attenuate the charge that it carries such that it can lose 3 db of
charge for a penetration oif one skin depth and continues in parabolic
form when it produces a vortex.
The two vectors or forces shown show why Einstein considered a
standard model was possible in the same way humans follow a genetic
code. Einstein eventually was able to determine the presense of
particles by another method or physic science. For those familiar with
the double slit experiment depth penetration or surface encapsulation
of
orifices were never taken into consideration so the conclusions cannot
be seen as complete. Hopefully this satifies the request where
allsqlient particulars are supplied other than whether a, b.c.or d
should be marked in the event of an exam.
Cheers and beers
Arrt Unwin .....KB9MZ.....xg

Computer programs for antenna design are really one of two forms.
The cheap versions are the most prolific as they are designed to show
the properties of planar arrays. These array are generally in the form
for dealing with wire and Yagi antennas
which is the vogue of the day and what customers want.
These reflect the principles evoked by Yagi and Uda which provides an
array of very high efficiency and uses standard electrical laws where
provided figures are those that are rounded off as all vector forces
are not taken into account. At the same time amateurs recognise that
even if the figures provided were absolute would not be discernable by
the human ear, so we have a "close enough for horse shoes" effect.
The other type of computor program is much mor expensive as it deals
with basic physics
where accuracy and truth is important so one can build upon it. These
programs are based solely on the laws of Maxwell which when modified
in line with later discoveries were built on the observations of
Newton. These programs will take any dimensional input and then place
it into a equilibrium state according to the laws of Maxwell because
it accounts for all forces is accurate. It is usual for programers to
apply additional lines in the program that deviate from Maxwells
equations for radiation so that it may accommodate planar designs such
as the planar designs which, while using standard electrical laws,
cannot handle all the forces involved in radiation.
The important difference between these two types of programs is that
the the optimizer form is so accurate it can supply figures that
account for radiators with zero resistance which effectively leaves
just the radiation resistance. This is where the radiator is doing
nothing to provide radiation and only supplies a space for particle to
settle upon. It is these particles that are the carriers of charge
that are elevated and accelerated by the time varying current so the
results represent the maximum radiation possible when the element is a
super conductor with zero resistance. Hams have to deal with the real
world realise that when applying current one must have a semblance of
match thus even tho we desire maximum efficiency it is the facts
pertaining to matching the source with the radiator with minimum
losses that guides us to something that we can effectively use.
Cheers and beers
Art Unwin.....KB9MZ...XG

Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 11:26 am, Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 10:28 am, Art Unwin wrote:




Computer programs for antenna design are really one of two forms.
The cheap versions are the most prolific as they are designed to show
the properties of planar arrays. These array are generally in the form
for dealing with wire and Yagi antennas
which is the vogue of the day and what customers want.

Interesting that Art hasn't the slightest idea how the programs work.

Of course most know that the programs don't know or care about orientation.

Most also know that the optimizers only look at what figures of merit
that you tell them to.

I'm sure his supporters are really cheering now.

tom
K0TAR

On Mar 12, 4:16*am, tom wrote:
Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 11:26 am, Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 10:28 am, Art Unwin wrote:

Computer programs for antenna design are really one of two forms.
The cheap versions are the most prolific as they are designed to show
the properties of planar arrays. These array are generally in the form
for dealing with wire and Yagi antennas
which is the vogue of the day and what customers want.

Interesting that Art hasn't the slightest idea how the programs work.

Of course most know that the programs don't know or care about orientation.

On Mar 12, 10:12*am, Dave wrote:
On Mar 12, 4:16*am, tom wrote:



Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 11:26 am, Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 10:28 am, Art Unwin wrote:

Computer programs for antenna design are really one of two forms.
The cheap versions are the most prolific as they are designed to show
the properties of planar arrays. These array are generally in the form
for dealing with wire and Yagi antennas
which is the vogue of the day and what customers want.

Interesting that Art hasn't the slightest idea how the programs work.

Of course most know that the programs don't know or care about orientation.

Most also know that the optimizers only look at what figures of merit
that you tell them to.

I'm sure his supporters are really cheering now.

tom
K0TAR

yeah, and the rest of us are having a good laugh!

He's just bored and lonely. He needs to be involved with people
instead of his computer and imaginary antennas.

Jimmie

Jimmie

On Mar 11, 11:26*am, Art Unwin wrote:
On Mar 11, 10:28*am, Art Unwin wrote:



A tank circuit represents an antenna closed circuit where in the
absence of friction shows the action of electric field changing to a
magnetic field as a sample of perpetual motion. However perpetual
motion does not exist so to account for all forces involved we have to
determine the amount of friction. We cannot use a series circuit as we
have no way of determining friction OR the point of the curve crossing
the the zero reactance level.
Thus we have to use a parallel circuit where we can use the cross over
point as being a period where it is seen as balanced and in
equilibrium.
The reason we cannot use a series circuit or anything pertaining to a
fractional wave in examining the performance of a radiator is because
the impedance curve does not represent a true sine wave. After a
period of time has occurred the source replaces any frictional losses
that have occurred. To do this the amplitude of the curve at the
beginning of a cycle moves higher than any othe point on the curve
where it replaces and exceeds the frictional losses that have
occurred. By doing this it uses time that is not in accordance to a
true sine wave and detracts from the accuracy of the following curve.
This useage of time during a period or cycle must be accounted for if
one is to determine all forces involved, which is why equilibrium or
balance must be followed when determining the characteristics of
radiation. There fore ,it should be seen that a full wave length or
multiples there of should be considered when dealing with radiators
since otherwise we are ignoring the overshoot effect required to
replace frictional losses.
Modern computer programs equiped with an optimiser are equiped to deal
with this as they will modify any inputs such that they are in
accordance with Maxwells laws where all forces are considered.
In the case of a yagi it must be seen that each element radiates
including the last one where the value is unknown and not included in
a fudged result. If one supplies an input that does not pre guide a
planar solution all optimiser programs will account for all forces
involved and will always supply an array that is not planar as a yagi
shows.
* * Thus for accurracy with respect to Maxwells laws one must have an
array that is in equilibrium which reflects Newtons laws where vectors
outside the "boundary" such as gravity and the Earths rotatation is
reflected by opposing vectors within the boundary. The consequences of
this is that the rotation vector in combination of that of gravity
will always produce an array that opposes gravity alone as with a
vertical at 90 degrees to the Earths surface if one pursuit is
accuracy.
The requirement of equilibrium is shown by the law of Gauss which when
added by a time varying field equates to the laws of Maxwell which
demands the presence of equilibrium and shows that a static particle
must be present to provide mass to which, via accelleration or
decelleration, which serves as the carrier of charge or charge.
This in no way conflicts with ideas or theories that particles and
waves can provide similar properties under certain cercumstances but
instead provides proof that particles are the carriers of what is
known as communication.
Cheers and beers.
Art Unwin * *KB9MZ...xg

If Maxwell and Gauss *building on the observations of Newton
postulated that particles were the carriers of charge fpr
communication it is essential that we determiune where the particle of
mass came from together with its properties.
For consistencies sake we will continue with what boundary laws leads
us to.
Obviously the particle was initially with in a boundary when the
boundary was broken.
Since the Sun shows that it has a connection with communication let us
assume that It is the Sun inside the boundary or something else within
that boundary. If the boundary is to be broken mass is to escape. This
it can do by applying a vector on the boundary that removes
equilibrium. At the same time as the mass proceeds thro the hinged
breakage another vector is created on the escaping particle which
imparts spin. It is these same two vectors that are at the end of a
long chain of vectors which are those of gravity and the Earths
rotation. It is known that each cubic metre of volume of air on Earth
contains billions of particles that arrive from outer space where they
look for a place to rest. Most of the Earth is covered by diamagnetic
materials or surface and we can see the effect of these particles that
provide a skin upon diamagnetic surface such as water, aluminum. These
particles squeeze themselves together such that they can form water
into droplets where the particles are strong enough to completely
encapsulate the water or most liquides that
do not retain the effects of magnetism.
We make our antennas of diamagnetic materials where the surface is
completely covered with the smallest particles known to man.
Application of a time varying field applies vector forces upon the
material surface where these vectors are three dimensional form such
that they can elevate and eject these particles in a accellerated
manner so they may carry a charge ( see my page for current flow
diag). The particles being the smallest known mass
represents the highest acceleration possible and where it happens to
be equal to the speed of light.
It must be noted that a radio can only apply a time varying current to
a radiator which has a pre determined speed in metal so that the
period or cycle can be determined. This speed in metal becomes very
important when dealing with creation of fields and the impact of this
particle on materials where the penetration of such particles can
attenuate the charge that it carries such that it can lose 3 db of
charge for a penetration oif one skin depth and continues in parabolic
form when it produces a vortex.
The two vectors or forces shown show why Einstein considered a
standard model was possible in the same way humans follow a genetic
code. Einstein eventually was able to determine the presense of
particles by another method or physic science. For those familiar with
the double slit experiment depth penetration or surface encapsulation
of
orifices were never taken into consideration so the conclusions cannot
be seen as complete. Hopefully this satifies the request where
allsqlient particulars are supplied other than whether a, b.c.or d
should be marked in the event of an exam.
Cheers and beers
Arrt Unwin .....KB9MZ.....xg

Earlier we stated that the present planar designs such as a yagi were
quite efficient so why should we bother with understanding designes
provided by optimiser according to Maxwell? First of all it provides
an understanding of radiation which has eluded us for more than one
hundred years. It also shows when pursueing this line of logic of
maintaining equilibrium it tells us that we can compress a radiator to
a smaller volume. In addition we can add that Maxwell only uses
distributed loads therefore one must cancel any lumped loads that are
added in construction.( very relavent with respect to the Kraus
helical design )

It also prevails upon us to determine efficiencies of one antenna
design compared to the other!
When considering radiation we must be aware that dependent on the
design of a antenna array controls what incoming signals it is
sensitive to use for communication. Planar designs are usually
designed upon a single polarity and not so much as supplying
sensitivity to other polarities, where as designs based upon optimiser
versions are made
sensitive to all types of polarity such that useable incoming signals
for communication climbs up
several 100 percent. Since by definition maximum radiation efficiency
occurs when the current does not penetrate the radiator surface( zero
element resdstance it behooves us to look at plate forms of radiators
which points to the function of a Faraday enclosure or shield or even
a metal mesh where the perforations are controlled in size relative to
skin depth. These same perforations provide a path for displacement
current and eddies that provide for elevation and acceleration of
charge carrying particles, in the case of transmission, where the
vortex contains a field that is intersected by a field at right angles
from the radiator where the acceleration of the particle is supplied.
It should not go with out notice that for a particle to attain the
highest velocity possible it must be of the smallest mass known which
as the present time is a neutrino which, by definition, is the same as
the speed of light and where in its earlier form as Leptons came from
within the boundaries of the Sun where it deposited its accumulated
charge to the Earths boundary upon entry and its search for a
diamagnetic surface to rest upon.,
So here we are with a new theory with respect to radiation which
is in agreement with existing known laws of the masters, which is
recognised and affirmed by present day computer programs that are
dependent only on accepted laws and where they mesh with the above
stated theory. In addition, it provides support for Einstein's
leanings on the Standard Model and that Maxwell's laws on radiation
would prove to be the final link. All was not lost for Einstein as he
later focused on other strains of physics view points which then
supported his position of particles being the carriers of charge in
communication and NOT that of waves
Cheers and beers
Art Unwin.....KB9MZ.......XG

On Mar 12, 8:08*pm, Art Unwin wrote:
... Planar designs are usually
designed upon a single polarity and not so much as supplying
sensitivity to other polarities, where as designs based upon optimiser
versions are made sensitive to all types of polarity such that useable
*incoming signals for communication climbs up several 100 percent.

Art (N.B. please) ...

The POLARITY of an electromagnetic wave is determined by its electric
field vector, which reverses direction (polarity) every 180 degrees of
the waveform -- regardless of the polarization of the wave.

The POLARIZATION of an electromagnetic wave is defined by the physical
orientation of its electric field vector, regardless of the polarity
of that field. For linear radiators such as a dipole and monopole, the
direction of polarization is that of the physical orientation of the
radiator.

So although these terms rather sound the same, they aren't synonymous.

The applet linked below is useful to visualize this. To see vertical
polarization, first set the Ey field to zero, and start the animation
(top center of the page). Then set the Ex field to zero and the Ey
field to one to see horizontal polarization. The blue lines tending
to fill in the a-c waveform represent the field vectors of the
radiated wave.

In this applet if the Ex and Ey fields are set to equal values (say at
1 each), and their phase relationship to -90 degrees using the slider
below the Ex and Ey sliders in the Input Section of the applet, then
the resulting e-m field is perfect, right-hand circular polarization.
The animation shows a net field vector of constant magnitude rotating
through all polarization angles once per wavelength.

Also note that the perfect, c-pol field shown in the applet is the net
field of two, linearly-polarized radiators when configured as
described above.

http://www.amanogawa.com/archive/Pol...zation2-2.html

RF

On Mar 13, 12:23*pm, Richard Fry wrote:
On Mar 12, 8:08*pm, Art Unwin wrote:

... Planar designs are usually
designed upon a single polarity and not so much as supplying
sensitivity to other polarities, where as designs based upon optimiser
versions are made sensitive to all types of polarity such that useable
*incoming signals for communication climbs up several 100 percent.

Art (N.B. please) ...

The POLARITY of an electromagnetic wave is determined by its electric
field vector, which reverses direction (polarity) every 180 degrees of
the waveform -- regardless of the polarization of the wave.

The POLARIZATION of an electromagnetic wave is defined by the physical
orientation of its electric field vector, regardless of the polarity
of that field. For linear radiators such as a dipole and monopole, the
direction of polarization is that of the physical orientation of the
radiator.

So although these terms rather sound the same, they aren't synonymous.

The applet linked below is useful to visualize this. To see vertical
polarization, first set the Ey field to zero, and start the animation
(top center of the page). Then set the Ex field to zero and the Ey
field to one to see horizontal polarization. *The blue lines tending
to fill in the a-c waveform represent the field vectors of the
radiated wave.

In this applet if the Ex and Ey fields are set to equal values (say at
1 each), and their phase relationship to -90 degrees using the slider
below the Ex and Ey sliders in the Input Section of the applet, then
the resulting e-m field is perfect, right-hand circular polarization.
The animation shows a net field vector of constant magnitude rotating
through all polarization angles once per wavelength.

Also note that the perfect, c-pol field shown in the applet is the net
field of two, linearly-polarized radiators when configured as
described above.

http://www.amanogawa.com/archive/Pol...zation2-2.html

RF

don't confuse him with the facts! that just shortens the threads,
keep trying to get him to explain his new theory so we all have
something to laugh about. yucky freezing rain here today so need
something funny to keep my mind off how my nice planar yagi's are
turning into art's non-planer twisted designs all by themselves.

On Mar 13, 6:23*am, Richard Fry wrote:
On Mar 12, 8:08*pm, Art Unwin wrote:

... Planar designs are usually
designed upon a single polarity and not so much as supplying
sensitivity to other polarities, where as designs based upon optimiser
versions are made sensitive to all types of polarity such that useable
*incoming signals for communication climbs up several 100 percent.

Art (N.B. please) ...

The POLARITY of an electromagnetic wave is determined by its electric
field vector, which reverses direction (polarity) every 180 degrees of
the waveform -- regardless of the polarization of the wave.

The POLARIZATION of an electromagnetic wave is defined by the physical
orientation of its electric field vector, regardless of the polarity
of that field. For linear radiators such as a dipole and monopole, the
direction of polarization is that of the physical orientation of the
radiator.

So although these terms rather sound the same, they aren't synonymous.

The applet linked below is useful to visualize this. To see vertical
polarization, first set the Ey field to zero, and start the animation
(top center of the page). Then set the Ex field to zero and the Ey
field to one to see horizontal polarization. *The blue lines tending
to fill in the a-c waveform represent the field vectors of the
radiated wave.

In this applet if the Ex and Ey fields are set to equal values (say at
1 each), and their phase relationship to -90 degrees using the slider
below the Ex and Ey sliders in the Input Section of the applet, then
the resulting e-m field is perfect, right-hand circular polarization.
The animation shows a net field vector of constant magnitude rotating
through all polarization angles once per wavelength.

Also note that the perfect, c-pol field shown in the applet is the net
field of two, linearly-polarized radiators when configured as
described above.

http://www.amanogawa.com/archive/Pol...zation2-2.html

RF

Thank you for the heads up