Home |
Search |
Today's Posts |
#11
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On 5/28/2011 2:25 PM, Frank wrote:
How many amateur radio operators use this kind of academic preening when they are putting up a dipole. Too much hand-waving here to be useful to most folks. People who are running NEC models, particularly NEC2 as opposed to NEC4, tend to be interested in this kind of thing. While building antennas and running them up the flagpole/tower/tree to test is fun and enjoyable, you can save a whole bunch of time with some modeling ahead of time (and besides, sometimes the weather isn't good for antenna building/testing) |
#12
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On 5/30/2011 4:25 PM, Joel Koltner wrote:
"Frank" wrote in message ... How many amateur radio operators use this kind of academic preening when they are putting up a dipole. Not many, certainly... but I would offer that those who do are able to enjoy the hobby more thoroughly than those who don't. Whether or not that additional enjoyment makes up for the extra time needed for learning, well, that's up to each individuals. I personally care about these things, and even for hams who think they don't... most all of them have probably thoughts to themselves, at one point or another, "Hey, what happens if you feed a dipole off-center?," and it's nice that someone else has already gone through the effort to figure it out such that the answers are readily Google-able! :-) And there's a whole raft of "off center fed" dipoles of one sort or another out there, particularly for multiband applications, so it's nice to understand that what's really going on is that the feedpoint impedance you see is basically the same as feeding at the center, but run through a "transformer". A bit of theory helps one evaluate all the "secret recipe worked 1000 countries on top band with 1 Watt and a 3 foot long antenna" stories too. |
#13
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On Sat, 28 May 2011 14:25:47 -0700 (PDT), Frank
wrote: How many amateur radio operators use this kind of academic preening when they are putting up a dipole. Me, me, me. Even the simplest antenna is influenced by nearby structures, towers, poles, elevation, guy wires, position of coax feed, chain link fences, and grounding system. That makes a simple dipole not very simple. I've helped a few local hams model their houses allowing prediction of takeoff angles, mysterious nulls, optimum height, and cut length. While modeling (I use 4NEC2) does take some learning and understanding, it does offer an improvment over the tradition ham radio cut-n-try. Too much hand-waving here to be useful to most folks. Speak for yourself please. I like postings that are over my knowledge level so that I learn something new. It's also nice to know *WHY* things work, or don't. Learn by Destroying(tm). -- Jeff Liebermann 150 Felker St #D http://www.LearnByDestroying.com Santa Cruz CA 95060 http://802.11junk.com Skype: JeffLiebermann AE6KS 831-336-2558 |
#14
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On May 31, 9:47*am, Jim Lux wrote:
On 5/30/2011 4:25 PM, Joel Koltner wrote: "Frank" wrote in message .... How many amateur radio operators use this kind of academic preening when they are putting up a dipole. Not many, certainly... but I would offer that those who do are able to enjoy the hobby more thoroughly than those who don't. Whether or not that additional enjoyment makes up for the extra time needed for learning, well, that's up to each individuals. I personally care about these things, and even for hams who think they don't... most all of them have probably thoughts to themselves, at one point or another, "Hey, what happens if you feed a dipole off-center?," and it's nice that someone else has already gone through the effort to figure it out such that the answers are readily Google-able! :-) And there's a whole raft of "off center fed" dipoles of one sort or another out there, particularly for multiband applications, so it's nice to understand that what's really going on is that the feedpoint impedance you see is basically the same as feeding at the center, but run through a "transformer". Or another way to think about it (perhaps closer to what's going on) is that it's like changing the position of a tap on a resonant tank circuit. If you get into building RF filters using coupled resonators, you'll appreciate that changing the tap position on the input and output resonators changes the filter's operating impedance, as seen at the input and output, though just as in the off-center fed antenna, the current distribution in the resonator (or antenna) changes relatively little. For the case of the antenna, of course, you have to decouple the transmission line very carefully if you feed it off-center -- or else just allow for the fact that there _will_ be antenna currents on the transmission line e.g. an end-fed half-wave). A bit of theory helps one evaluate all the "secret recipe worked 1000 countries on top band with 1 Watt and a 3 foot long antenna" stories too. ;-) Cheers, Tom |
#15
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On 5/31/2011 1:52 PM, Jeff Liebermann wrote:
On Sat, 28 May 2011 14:25:47 -0700 (PDT), wrote: How many amateur radio operators use this kind of academic preening when they are putting up a dipole. Me, me, me. Even the simplest antenna is influenced by nearby structures, towers, poles, elevation, guy wires, position of coax feed, chain link fences, and grounding system. That makes a simple dipole not very simple. I've helped a few local hams model their houses allowing prediction of takeoff angles, mysterious nulls, optimum height, and cut length. While modeling (I use 4NEC2) does take some learning and understanding, it does offer an improvment over the tradition ham radio cut-n-try. Too much hand-waving here to be useful to most folks. Speak for yourself please. I like postings that are over my knowledge level so that I learn something new. It's also nice to know *WHY* things work, or don't. Learn by Destroying(tm). I agree, Jeff. I like antennas that are naturally short-circuited by design and can be grounded, making the feed point essentially grounded for DC and lower frequencies. One such antenna is the folded unipole. Its only problem is that the feedpoint resistance is about 120 or so ohms. So, I had this idea. The usual monopole (or ground plane) has about 30-35 ohms resistance. To get 50 ohms it is common practice to droop the radials about 45 degrees. Since that raises the feedpoint resistance, would raising the radials lower the feedpoint resistance of the folded unipole and, if so, what effect would it have on the pattern? EZNEC said to raise the radials of the folded unipole about 23 or so degrees to get 50 ohms and the pattern would not be affected. So I built one and it works swimmingly. I had to make some minor adjustments in element lengths but that was fairly easy with the vector voltmeter. Hooray for modeling. Cheers, John - KD5YI |
#16
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
In article , John S wrote:
So, I had this idea. The usual monopole (or ground plane) has about 30-35 ohms resistance. To get 50 ohms it is common practice to droop the radials about 45 degrees. Since that raises the feedpoint resistance, would raising the radials lower the feedpoint resistance of the folded unipole and, if so, what effect would it have on the pattern? EZNEC said to raise the radials of the folded unipole about 23 or so degrees to get 50 ohms and the pattern would not be affected. So I built one and it works swimmingly. I had to make some minor adjustments in element lengths but that was fairly easy with the vector voltmeter. Hooray for modeling. Slick... and I bet that the appearance of it raises the occasional question and/or eyebrow! The matching approach I've usually seen for folded monopoles, is to use a quarter-wave transformer made out of (e.g.) RG-6 or another 75-ohm coax... this brings the impedance down to something not too far from 50 ohms. Your method avoids the need for this. If I were to build one I think I'd stick a fat cap over the end of each raised radial... just to reassure myself that I wasn't setting up an "automated pigeon-skewering device" of sorts :-) -- Dave Platt AE6EO Friends of Jade Warrior home page: http://www.radagast.org/jade-warrior I do _not_ wish to receive unsolicited commercial email, and I will boycott any company which has the gall to send me such ads! |
#17
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On May 31, 1:35*pm, John S wrote:
On 5/31/2011 1:52 PM, Jeff Liebermann wrote: On Sat, 28 May 2011 14:25:47 -0700 (PDT), wrote: How many amateur radio operators use this kind of academic preening when they are putting up a dipole. Me, me, me. *Even the simplest antenna is influenced by nearby structures, towers, poles, elevation, guy wires, position of coax feed, chain link fences, and grounding system. *That makes a simple dipole not very simple. *I've helped a few local hams model their houses allowing prediction of takeoff angles, mysterious nulls, optimum height, and cut length. *While modeling (I use 4NEC2) does take some learning and understanding, it does offer an improvment over the tradition ham radio cut-n-try. Too much hand-waving here to be useful to most folks. Speak for yourself please. *I like postings that are over my knowledge level so that I learn something new. *It's also nice to know *WHY* things work, or don't. *Learn by Destroying(tm). I agree, Jeff. I like antennas that are naturally short-circuited by design and can be grounded, making the feed point essentially grounded for DC and lower frequencies. One such antenna is the folded unipole. Its only problem is that the feedpoint resistance is about 120 or so ohms. So, I had this idea. The usual monopole (or ground plane) has about 30-35 ohms resistance. To get 50 ohms it is common practice to droop the radials about 45 degrees. Since that raises the feedpoint resistance, would raising the radials lower the feedpoint resistance of the folded unipole and, if so, what effect would it have on the pattern? EZNEC said to raise the radials of the folded unipole about 23 or so degrees to get 50 ohms and the pattern would not be affected. So I built one and it works swimmingly. I had to make some minor adjustments in element lengths but that was fairly easy with the vector voltmeter. Hooray for modeling. Cheers, John - KD5YI Hooray also for using your head, John, and realizing that raising the radials would _probably_ have that effect -- then having that verified by a model, and then by an antenna that works well for you in practice. Another way that should work: make the two parallel conductors different diameters, with the correct spacing. You might also try making a self-supporting grounded quarter wave, resonant with its radials, and fed with a parallel conductor that doesn't go all the way to the top of the quarter wave... So there are three different arrangements, perhaps with pretty similar electrical characteristics, and you can then pick among them for the one that suits your construction practices the best. Perhaps there are some more "grounded" monopole designs you throw into the mix. Yes, if you're "just throwing up a dipole," maybe you don't worry about things like this, but there are those of us who like to think a bit deeper about things. I can only hope I remain infinitely tolerant of those who like to think much deeper than I about many things. Cheers, Tom |
#18
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On 5/31/2011 4:26 PM, Dave Platt wrote:
In , John wrote: So, I had this idea. The usual monopole (or ground plane) has about 30-35 ohms resistance. To get 50 ohms it is common practice to droop the radials about 45 degrees. Since that raises the feedpoint resistance, would raising the radials lower the feedpoint resistance of the folded unipole and, if so, what effect would it have on the pattern? EZNEC said to raise the radials of the folded unipole about 23 or so degrees to get 50 ohms and the pattern would not be affected. So I built one and it works swimmingly. I had to make some minor adjustments in element lengths but that was fairly easy with the vector voltmeter. Hooray for modeling. Slick... and I bet that the appearance of it raises the occasional question and/or eyebrow! I use it at home. Nobody in the area knows enough to even blink an eye. The matching approach I've usually seen for folded monopoles, is to use a quarter-wave transformer made out of (e.g.) RG-6 or another 75-ohm coax... this brings the impedance down to something not too far from 50 ohms. Your method avoids the need for this. I am aware of that method. I think the challenge for me was to have it all inherent. If I were to build one I think I'd stick a fat cap over the end of each raised radial... just to reassure myself that I wasn't setting up an "automated pigeon-skewering device" of sorts :-) Hmmmm. I didn't think of that. |
#19
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On 5/31/2011 5:04 PM, K7ITM wrote:
On May 31, 1:35 pm, John wrote: On 5/31/2011 1:52 PM, Jeff Liebermann wrote: On Sat, 28 May 2011 14:25:47 -0700 (PDT), wrote: How many amateur radio operators use this kind of academic preening when they are putting up a dipole. Me, me, me. Even the simplest antenna is influenced by nearby structures, towers, poles, elevation, guy wires, position of coax feed, chain link fences, and grounding system. That makes a simple dipole not very simple. I've helped a few local hams model their houses allowing prediction of takeoff angles, mysterious nulls, optimum height, and cut length. While modeling (I use 4NEC2) does take some learning and understanding, it does offer an improvment over the tradition ham radio cut-n-try. Too much hand-waving here to be useful to most folks. Speak for yourself please. I like postings that are over my knowledge level so that I learn something new. It's also nice to know *WHY* things work, or don't. Learn by Destroying(tm). I agree, Jeff. I like antennas that are naturally short-circuited by design and can be grounded, making the feed point essentially grounded for DC and lower frequencies. One such antenna is the folded unipole. Its only problem is that the feedpoint resistance is about 120 or so ohms. So, I had this idea. The usual monopole (or ground plane) has about 30-35 ohms resistance. To get 50 ohms it is common practice to droop the radials about 45 degrees. Since that raises the feedpoint resistance, would raising the radials lower the feedpoint resistance of the folded unipole and, if so, what effect would it have on the pattern? EZNEC said to raise the radials of the folded unipole about 23 or so degrees to get 50 ohms and the pattern would not be affected. So I built one and it works swimmingly. I had to make some minor adjustments in element lengths but that was fairly easy with the vector voltmeter. Hooray for modeling. Cheers, John - KD5YI Hooray also for using your head, John, and realizing that raising the radials would _probably_ have that effect -- then having that verified by a model, and then by an antenna that works well for you in practice. As a matter of fact, I can see where just jumping into it without the benefit of modeling would probably have resulted in giving up on it. I had to adjust many things (such as radial tilt) before I learned about how things were going to be affected. Modeling is like having an antenna breadboard but a whole lot less work. Another way that should work: make the two parallel conductors different diameters, with the correct spacing. You might also try making a self-supporting grounded quarter wave, resonant with its radials, and fed with a parallel conductor that doesn't go all the way to the top of the quarter wave... I looked at those (EZNEC) years a go and was never satisfied. I have learned much more now, so I might benefit from another look. So there are three different arrangements, perhaps with pretty similar electrical characteristics, and you can then pick among them for the one that suits your construction practices the best. Perhaps there are some more "grounded" monopole designs you throw into the mix. Yes, if you're "just throwing up a dipole," maybe you don't worry about things like this, but there are those of us who like to think a bit deeper about things. I can only hope I remain infinitely tolerant of those who like to think much deeper than I about many things. Cheers, Tom C'mon, Tom. You're a very knowledgeable person and I value your input. That's plenty deep. By the way, I used Walt's inherent balun to make a diamond-shaped antenna which needs no additional balun. It is 50 ohms at the feedpoint. It, too is inherently short-circuited and, with the inherent balun, probably groundable. It was an interesting exercise that went like this: 1. I like a loop for the inherent short-circuit. 2. It has about 100-120 ohms terminal resistance. I want 50 ohms. 3. It needs a balun. But, I don't really want one. A folded dipole is about 300 ohms. A half-wave shorted transmission line is about 0 ohms. So, if you take a shorted half-wave transmission line and spread the wires apart at the 1/4W point all the way to where it becomes a folded dipole, it seems to me that the terminal resistance will go from zero to 300 ohms and 50 ohms is in there somewhere. I tried it in EZNEC and found that to be the case. I found that, if the acute angle of the rhombus is about 51.5 degrees, then the terminal resistance is about 50 ohms (adjust perimeter along with angle to get 50+j0). Ok, fine. That takes care of everything but the balun. In Walt's Reflections III, he discusses the half-turn bifilar loop (page 22-10). But what was intriguing was the inherent balun. Aha! So, after modeling as well as I knew how, I constructed a rhombus (diamond-shaped) antenna with the right half of the diamond being coax (inherent balun) and the left half of the diamond being 14 ga wire. The velocity factor of the coax means that its electrical length is about .6 of a half wave (or .3 lambda) where I wanted 1/4W, but it is close enough. I have not been able to measure current on the outside of the coax, but it may be because I have not yet created a sufficiently sensitive probing method. I've not yet installed it. Maybe in the next few months I can get to it. Cheers, John - KD5YI |
#20
|
|||
|
|||
Relation of radiation resistance and terminal resistance
On 5/31/2011 5:40 PM, John S wrote:
A folded dipole is about 300 ohms. A half-wave shorted transmission line is about 0 ohms. So, if you take a shorted half-wave transmission line and spread the wires apart at the 1/4W point all the way to where it becomes a folded dipole, it seems to me that the terminal resistance will go from zero to 300 ohms and 50 ohms is in there somewhere. I tried it in EZNEC and found that to be the case. I found that, if the acute angle of the rhombus is about 51.5 degrees, then the terminal resistance is about 50 ohms (adjust perimeter along with angle to get 50+j0). As an aside, I found it time consuming to adjust angles and repeat the source impedance test in EZNEC. So, I created an Excel spreadsheet where I could simply input the perimeter, the acute angle, height above ground, wire gauges, and number of segments and wrote a short VBA to gather the spreadsheet results and create an EZNEC importable file. Man, what a time saver. 73, John |
Reply |
Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
Display Modes | |
|
|
Similar Threads | ||||
Thread | Forum | |||
The meaning of 'Radiation Resistance' | Antenna | |||
Radiation Resistance | Antenna | |||
Radiation Resistance & Efficiency | Antenna | |||
Measuring radiation resistance | Homebrew | |||
Measuring radiation resistance | Antenna |