I recently refurbished a Hallicrafters 5R105 and, while performing a
re-alignment, discovered that on the Band 4 (14 to 31 MHz) the local
oscillator (LO) is below the station frequency, whereas on the three
lower bands, the LO is above.

So my question is this: Why engineer a tuning system for the high end
of the shortwave spectrum to place the LO below the station
frequency?

-Dave Drumheller, K3WQ

"Why engineer a tuning system for the high end
of the shortwave spectrum to place the LO below the station
frequency?"

One good reason is stability. The high frequency oscillators in these
receivers are less than perfect. So, by using the lower frequency for the
oscillator injection, rather than the upper frequency, you will achieve a
slight, but noticeable improvement in stability.

For example, if you have a 15 MHz receive frequency and a 500 kHz i.f., you
could use either 14.5 MHz as the oscillator frequency or 15.5 MHz. Using
14.5 MHz would yield a 7% inprovement in stability. In addition, the coils
in the oscillator, the tube and the tube socket, like the lower frequency.
One other really minor advantage is that some tubes, particularly the 6C4,
drops off on the high frequency end as emission decreases - so the
oscillator tube might just work a bit longer.

73, Colin K7FM

wrote in message
...
I recently refurbished a Hallicrafters 5R105 and, while performing a
re-alignment, discovered that on the Band 4 (14 to 31 MHz) the local
oscillator (LO) is below the station frequency, whereas on the three
lower bands, the LO is above.

So my question is this: Why engineer a tuning system for the high end
of the shortwave spectrum to place the LO below the station
frequency?

-Dave Drumheller, K3WQ

It would be unusual. A quick check is to see if the LO is above
or below the signal at the LOW end of the tuning range. I've
quite a few shortwave sets that were properly aligned for
high side injection at the low end, and improperly set for
low side injection at the upper end of the band.
Needless to say the midrange sensitivity was practically nil.

It's pretty easy to set the
high end of dial for the wrong side LO injection because
of the wide authority range of the LO trimmer.

I can't think of any advantage--usually high side inj.
is beneficial on the lower ranges to keep LO harmonics
from falling the tuning range or the RX.

Pete

Tio Pedro wrote:
wrote in message
...
I recently refurbished a Hallicrafters 5R105 and, while performing a
re-alignment, discovered that on the Band 4 (14 to 31 MHz) the local
oscillator (LO) is below the station frequency, whereas on the three
lower bands, the LO is above.

So my question is this: Why engineer a tuning system for the high end
of the shortwave spectrum to place the LO below the station
frequency?

-Dave Drumheller, K3WQ

It would be unusual. A quick check is to see if the LO is above
or below the signal at the LOW end of the tuning range. I've
quite a few shortwave sets that were properly aligned for
high side injection at the low end, and improperly set for
low side injection at the upper end of the band.
Needless to say the midrange sensitivity was practically nil.

It's pretty easy to set the
high end of dial for the wrong side LO injection because
of the wide authority range of the LO trimmer.

I can't think of any advantage--usually high side inj.
is beneficial on the lower ranges to keep LO harmonics
from falling the tuning range or the RX.

Pete




Its a real gripe of mine! The image rejection is so poor on the top
band of many consumer grade radios that its really a moot point and the
only way to guess which side the injection goes is by evaluating which
side suffers the worse dial tracking...and often thats so close a call
its difficult to say which was intended.

-Bill

"The image rejection is so poor on the top band of many consumer grade
radios that its really a moot point and the
only way to guess which side the injection goes is by evaluating which side
suffers the worse dial tracking..."

Right. I recently went through just this problem. Radio had been twiddled
with. The service information said nothing about whether low or high side
injection was used. I used the trial and error method to figure it out. I
looked through two different service instructions and both were silent.

The good news is that single conversion radios, with 1 rf amplifier stage,
are rarely used above 20 meters anyway, these days.

73, Colin K7FM

On Wed, 18 Feb 2009, COLIN LAMB wrote:

"The image rejection is so poor on the top band of many consumer grade
radios that its really a moot point and the
only way to guess which side the injection goes is by evaluating which side
suffers the worse dial tracking..."

Right. I recently went through just this problem. Radio had been twiddled
with. The service information said nothing about whether low or high side
injection was used. I used the trial and error method to figure it out. I
looked through two different service instructions and both were silent.

I remember one review for a low end receiver, and I can't remember which
receiver or which magazine, and they outright said there was so little
image rejection that they couldn't tell which was real and which was
the image.

On the other hand, I recently reread a review for the Radio Shack sw
receiver from the late sixties, transistorized and something like the
DX-150, and it praised the receiver for it's image rejection even on the
highest band. I suspect it was thus a very generous review.

The good news is that single conversion radios, with 1 rf amplifier stage,
are rarely used above 20 meters anyway, these days.

Of course, that's apples and oranges. The frequency of the IF factors
in, and it's not the single conversion that matters, but the signal
frequency versus the IF frequency.

Michael VE2BVW

On Thu, 19 Feb 2009 00:10:43 -0500, Michael Black wrote:

On Wed, 18 Feb 2009, COLIN LAMB wrote:

"The image rejection is so poor on the top band of many consumer grade
radios that its really a moot point and the only way to guess which
side the injection goes is by evaluating which side suffers the worse
dial tracking..."

Right. I recently went through just this problem. Radio had been
twiddled with. The service information said nothing about whether low
or high side injection was used. I used the trial and error method to
figure it out. I looked through two different service instructions and
both were silent.

I remember one review for a low end receiver, and I can't remember which
receiver or which magazine, and they outright said there was so little
image rejection that they couldn't tell which was real and which was the
image.

On the other hand, I recently reread a review for the Radio Shack sw
receiver from the late sixties, transistorized and something like the
DX-150, and it praised the receiver for it's image rejection even on the
highest band. I suspect it was thus a very generous review.

The good news is that single conversion radios, with 1 rf amplifier
stage, are rarely used above 20 meters anyway, these days.

Of course, that's apples and oranges. The frequency of the IF factors
in, and it's not the single conversion that matters, but the signal
frequency versus the IF frequency.

Michael VE2BVW

Kinda yes, kinda no. It's much easier to get a high 1st IF and a nice
narrow overall response in a double conversion superhet than a single.

Having said that, my Galaxy 5 worked pretty well with a 9MHz IF and
single conversion.

--
http://www.wescottdesign.com

On Wed, 18 Feb 2009 20:16:57 -0700, Bill M wrote:

Tio Pedro wrote:
wrote in message
news:eafd0032-e112-40cb-ab88-
...
I recently refurbished a Hallicrafters 5R105 and, while performing a
re-alignment, discovered that on the Band 4 (14 to 31 MHz) the local
oscillator (LO) is below the station frequency, whereas on the three
lower bands, the LO is above.

So my question is this: Why engineer a tuning system for the high end
of the shortwave spectrum to place the LO below the station frequency?

-Dave Drumheller, K3WQ

It would be unusual. A quick check is to see if the LO is above or
below the signal at the LOW end of the tuning range. I've quite a few
shortwave sets that were properly aligned for high side injection at
the low end, and improperly set for low side injection at the upper end
of the band. Needless to say the midrange sensitivity was practically
nil.

It's pretty easy to set the
high end of dial for the wrong side LO injection because of the wide
authority range of the LO trimmer.

I can't think of any advantage--usually high side inj. is beneficial on
the lower ranges to keep LO harmonics from falling the tuning range or
the RX.

Pete




Its a real gripe of mine! The image rejection is so poor on the top
band of many consumer grade radios that its really a moot point and the
only way to guess which side the injection goes is by evaluating which
side suffers the worse dial tracking...and often thats so close a call
its difficult to say which was intended.

-Bill

All of my handbooks from the '40s through the '60s have converters to
take the signal down to 40m or below, for just that reason.

20MHz down to 0.455MHz is just a conversion too far.

--
http://www.wescottdesign.com

"Bill M" wrote in message
...
Tio Pedro wrote:
wrote in message
...
I recently refurbished a Hallicrafters 5R105 and, while performing a
re-alignment, discovered that on the Band 4 (14 to 31 MHz) the local
oscillator (LO) is below the station frequency, whereas on the three
lower bands, the LO is above.

So my question is this: Why engineer a tuning system for the high end
of the shortwave spectrum to place the LO below the station
frequency?

-Dave Drumheller, K3WQ

It would be unusual. A quick check is to see if the LO is above
or below the signal at the LOW end of the tuning range. I've
quite a few shortwave sets that were properly aligned for
high side injection at the low end, and improperly set for
low side injection at the upper end of the band.
Needless to say the midrange sensitivity was practically nil.

It's pretty easy to set the
high end of dial for the wrong side LO injection because
of the wide authority range of the LO trimmer.

I can't think of any advantage--usually high side inj.
is beneficial on the lower ranges to keep LO harmonics
from falling the tuning range or the RX.

Pete


Its a real gripe of mine! The image rejection is so poor on the top band
of many consumer grade radios that its really a moot point and the only
way to guess which side the injection goes is by evaluating which side
suffers the worse dial tracking...and often thats so close a call its
difficult to say which was intended.

-Bill

It is not a moot point... Usually the bottom tracking is fixed on
the higher bands (no padder or slug for the LO coil). If the LO on
the high end of the dial is set to the wrong side,
the mid band sensitivity will
be Zilch. Usually checking LO frequency on the lowest end
of the dial will show if it is supposed to be hi or lo side injection.

On Feb 18, 10:16*pm, Bill M wrote:
Its a real gripe of mine! *The image rejection is so poor on the top
band of many consumer grade radios that its really a moot point and the
only way to guess which side the injection goes is by evaluating which
side suffers the worse dial tracking...and often thats so close a call
its difficult to say which was intended.
I had this exact problem with the Hallicrafters 5R10A.

With my signal generator set to 30 MHz, the image at 30.91 MHz was
maybe 1 dB lower. However, when I set my generator to 15 MHz (the low
end of Band 4), the image at 15.91 MHz was much less noticeable. So,
the set is a reasonably good performer so long as you avoid using the
high end of Band 4.

-Dave Drumheller, K3WQ