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The ionosphere is stratified, or in other words, has layers. It's the E-layer which,
in the course of the day, charged by sunshine, actually absorbs medium wave frequencies...it's only when the wavelengths are shorter (shortwave) where the E-layer reflects for daytime skywave propagation. The E-layer, when particularly dense like during solar maxima, will even reflect VHF frequencies (normally it passes them day and night). When that happens you'll hear old radio people call it "sporadic-E", since it's so, well, sporadic in nature - there's really no predicting when it will happen. But when it does, you'll sometimes find FM stations from 1000 and more miles away coming in on a car radio, so strong sometimes that it'll blow over a local station which has only direct line-of-sight propagation to get to the same receiver. At night, without the sun to ionize the gases there, the E-layer "evaporates", and then the F-layer comes into play. The F-layer reflects medium wave frequencies pretty well, except when they're disturbed by a solar flare or other phenomena. The F-layer actually has two parts (F-1 and F-2, naturally enough). A shortwave station which will skip 1000 miles during the day will skip twice that or more at night, since the F-2-layer is higher and is more in play during the night. -- For direct replies, take out the contents between the hyphens. -Really!- "Steve Sundberg" wrote in message ... On 14 Jan 2004 22:18:49 GMT, (Matt Beckwith) wrote: (Sid Schweiger) wrote Radio waves radiate more or less in all directions from an AM tower, meaning that some of them radiate skyward. The ionosphere, in the presence of solar radiation (i.e., during the day), absorbs the radio waves. In the absence of solar radiation (i.e., during the night), it becomes a reflector, bouncing the signals back to earth hundreds or thousands of miles beyond the transmitting tower. This can create interference with stations on the same or adjacent frequencies at night, where no such interference would occur during the day. To avoid such interference, many stations must either cut transmitter power at night, or employ directional antennas...or sometimes both. Thanks, that's very interesting. Now, why is it that the ionosphere absorbs radio waves in the presence of solar radiation, but not in its absence? That's just the nature of, uh, nature. |
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