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Parasitic Oscillation
Even though it does not appear on the schematic diagram, every tube-type
HF amplifier has a resonant circuit in its anode circuitry that resonates somewhere in the VHF region. This called a parasitic resonance. Whenever the DC anode current changes, the parasitic circuit rings - much like a struck bell and generates a smallish damped wave signal at the VHF resonance point. - note - this is the same principle that enabled spark transmtters to produce RF from a DC source. Since all tubes have feedback C between the output (anode) and the input (cathode for cathode-driven and grid for grid driven), the damped-wave VHF signal is amplified - whereupon some of the amplified signal can be fedback again and re-amplified -- resulting in oscillation. Because tube gain is pettty much tube-transconductance x the resistive load (RL) on the anode, one way to reduce the chance of VHF oscillation is to artifically reduce the VHF gain of the tube by lowering the VHF-RL presented to the anode by the parasitic resonance. This is done by decreasing the VHF-Q of the parasitic resonance circuit. In other words, to decrease Q, increase R. Traditionally this has been done by winding a Cu wire coil around a carbon-comp resistor and soldering the coil in parallel with the resistor. In a typical 2. 3-500Z amplifier this configuration produces a Q of c. 5 at 100MHz. Misfortunately a Q of 5 is not quite low enough to reduce VHF gain enough so that oscillation can not be sustained It apparently takes a Q of 2 at 100MHz to achieve acceptable VHF stability. One way to decrease Q involves exchanging the highly-conductive Cu wire for highly-resistive Ni-Cr wire This simple change results in a Q of c. 2 at 100MHz as measured on a HP 4191A Z-analyzer. By using two Ni-Cr VHF suppressors per 2-500z, Q can be further reduced to c. 1.5. - end -- Richard L. Measures. 805-386-3734,AG6K, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
.. *Misfortunately a Q of 5 is
not quite low enough to reduce VHF gain enough so that oscillation can not be sustained *It apparently takes a Q of *2 at 100MHz to achieve acceptable VHF stability. *One way to decrease Q involves exchanging the highly-conductive Cu wire for highly-resistive Ni-Cr wire * This simple change results in a Q of c. 2 at 100MHz as measured on a HP 4191A Z-analyzer. * *By using *two Ni-Cr *VHF suppressors per 2-500z, Q can be further reduced to c. 1.5. - *end -- Richard L. Measures. 805-386-3734,AG6K,www.somis.org Hey OM: When I made a living selling tubes, my fav best method of stopping VHF parasitic oscillations was when the transconductance went kaput from the little grid wire overheating and burning out. I made a living off of parasitics. sum gr8 articles on your website too OM. 73, de n8zu. |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article
, raypsi wrote: . =A0Misfortunately a Q of 5 is not quite low enough to reduce VHF gain enough so that oscillation can no= t be sustained =A0It apparently takes a Q of =A02 at 100MHz to achieve acceptable VHF stability. =A0One way to decrease Q involves exchanging th= e highly-conductive Cu wire for highly-resistive Ni-Cr wire =A0 This simple change results in a Q of c. 2 at 100MHz as measured on a HP 4191A Z-analyzer. =A0 =A0By using =A0two Ni-Cr =A0VHF suppressors per 2-500z, Q= can be further reduced to c. 1.5. - =A0end -- Richard L. Measures. 805-386-3734,AG6K,www.somis.org Hey OM: When I made a living selling tubes, my fav best method of stopping VHF parasitic oscillations was when the transconductance went kaput from the little grid wire overheating and burning out. I made a living off of parasitics. ** chortle. And apparently so was Eimac since the Eimac markeing rep,,Reid Brandon, reportedly complained to QST that I should never have been told by Eimac engineer Willis B. Foote that 8877s can be damaged by gold plating evaporating off the 8877's grid during an "oscillation condition". sum gr8 articles on your website too OM. ** Tnx Ray. 73 73, de n8zu. -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
Glad to see you here Rich. I have learned a lot from you in your articles &
your great help on the phone with my 3-500 amps that I couldn't stop a parasitic in. Your kit you sent me along with a lot of literature cured that amp & the suppressors don't burn up . Amps runs full out on 160 thru 10 mtrs. Again thanks for your help. "• R. L. Measures." wrote in message ... Even though it does not appear on the schematic diagram, every tube-type HF amplifier has a resonant circuit in its anode circuitry that resonates somewhere in the VHF region. This called a parasitic resonance. Whenever the DC anode current changes, the parasitic circuit rings - much like a struck bell and generates a smallish damped wave signal at the VHF resonance point. - note - this is the same principle that enabled spark transmtters to produce RF from a DC source. Since all tubes have feedback C between the output (anode) and the input (cathode for cathode-driven and grid for grid driven), the damped-wave VHF signal is amplified - whereupon some of the amplified signal can be fedback again and re-amplified -- resulting in oscillation. Because tube gain is pettty much tube-transconductance x the resistive load (RL) on the anode, one way to reduce the chance of VHF oscillation is to artifically reduce the VHF gain of the tube by lowering the VHF-RL presented to the anode by the parasitic resonance. This is done by decreasing the VHF-Q of the parasitic resonance circuit. In other words, to decrease Q, increase R. Traditionally this has been done by winding a Cu wire coil around a carbon-comp resistor and soldering the coil in parallel with the resistor. In a typical 2. 3-500Z amplifier this configuration produces a Q of c. 5 at 100MHz. Misfortunately a Q of 5 is not quite low enough to reduce VHF gain enough so that oscillation can not be sustained It apparently takes a Q of 2 at 100MHz to achieve acceptable VHF stability. One way to decrease Q involves exchanging the highly-conductive Cu wire for highly-resistive Ni-Cr wire This simple change results in a Q of c. 2 at 100MHz as measured on a HP 4191A Z-analyzer. By using two Ni-Cr VHF suppressors per 2-500z, Q can be further reduced to c. 1.5. - end -- Richard L. Measures. 805-386-3734,AG6K, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , "Howard K0ACF"
wrote: Glad to see you here Rich. I have learned a lot from you in your articles & your great help on the phone with my 3-500 amps that I couldn't stop a parasitic in. Your kit you sent me along with a lot of literature cured that amp & the suppressors don't burn up . Amps runs full out on 160 thru 10 mtrs. Again thanks for your help. • ur welcome Howard. 73 "• R. L. Measures." wrote in message ... Even though it does not appear on the schematic diagram, every tube-type HF amplifier has a resonant circuit in its anode circuitry that resonates somewhere in the VHF region. This called a parasitic resonance. Whenever the DC anode current changes, the parasitic circuit rings - much like a struck bell and generates a smallish damped wave signal at the VHF resonance point. - note - this is the same principle that enabled spark transmtters to produce RF from a DC source. Since all tubes have feedback C between the output (anode) and the input (cathode for cathode-driven and grid for grid driven), the damped-wave VHF signal is amplified - whereupon some of the amplified signal can be fedback again and re-amplified -- resulting in oscillation. Because tube gain is pettty much tube-transconductance x the resistive load (RL) on the anode, one way to reduce the chance of VHF oscillation is to artifically reduce the VHF gain of the tube by lowering the VHF-RL presented to the anode by the parasitic resonance. This is done by decreasing the VHF-Q of the parasitic resonance circuit. In other words, to decrease Q, increase R. Traditionally this has been done by winding a Cu wire coil around a carbon-comp resistor and soldering the coil in parallel with the resistor. In a typical 2. 3-500Z amplifier this configuration produces a Q of c. 5 at 100MHz. Misfortunately a Q of 5 is not quite low enough to reduce VHF gain enough so that oscillation can not be sustained It apparently takes a Q of 2 at 100MHz to achieve acceptable VHF stability. One way to decrease Q involves exchanging the highly-conductive Cu wire for highly-resistive Ni-Cr wire This simple change results in a Q of c. 2 at 100MHz as measured on a HP 4191A Z-analyzer. By using two Ni-Cr VHF suppressors per 2-500z, Q can be further reduced to c. 1.5. - end -- Richard L. Measures. 805-386-3734,AG6K, www.somis.org -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
95 R. L. Measures. wrote:
The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Rob
wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. ** I did not send 95. I use a UNIX-based operating system. If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Rob. cheers -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
95 R. L. Measures. wrote:
In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. ** I did not send 95. I use a UNIX-based operating system. If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Rob. cheers I am using Linux. But I guess that does not count as a UNIX based OS. Check what is in your fullname config setting. There is a character with hex value 95 there. But you don't have the matching character set header that is supposed to tell what that character should mean. (without a character set header, the default character set is 7-bit ASCII which does not include 95) |
Parasitic Oscillation
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Parasitic Oscillation
Fred McKenzie wrote:
In article , (95 R. L. Measures.) wrote: If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Richard- Is it the OS, or is it the font? I see a 95 character that may be different from what you see. What font are you using? His postings do not specify the character set he is using. Probably it is Windows-1252. A more standard character set leaves the character 95 undefined. |
Parasitic Oscillation
On 03 Jul 2010 18:32:59 GMT, Rob wrote:
Fred McKenzie wrote: In article , (95 R. L. Measures.) wrote: If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Richard- Is it the OS, or is it the font? I see a 95 character that may be different from what you see. What font are you using? His postings do not specify the character set he is using. Probably it is Windows-1252. Most likely, if that code was supposed to represent a bullet. A more standard character set leaves the character 95 undefined. Codes 80..9F hex and U+0080 .. U+009F belong to the C1 control area in many standards (ISO 8859 and Unicode) and 95h represents "Message Waiting" control code. While I have used C1 controls to control terminals, I do not recall that I would have used MW :-). |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Rob
wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. ** I did not send 95. I use a UNIX-based operating system. If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Rob. cheers I am using Linux. But I guess that does not count as a UNIX based OS. ** I don't know Rob. I am using Apple's 10.4 OS. Check what is in your fullname config setting. ** I am not using an OS with such a setting in the system prefs. There is a character with hex value 95 there. But you don't have the matching character set header that is supposed to tell what that character should mean. (without a character set header, the default character set is 7-bit ASCII which does not include 95) -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Fred
McKenzie wrote: In article , (• R. L. Measures.) wrote: If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Richard- Is it the OS, or is it the font? I see a • character • Correct Fred. that may be different from what you see. What font are you using? Fred K4DII -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Paul Keinanen
wrote: On 03 Jul 2010 18:32:59 GMT, Rob wrote: Fred McKenzie wrote: In article , (95 R. L. Measures.) wrote: If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Richard- Is it the OS, or is it the font? I see a 95 character that may be different from what you see. What font are you using? His postings do not specify the character set he is using. Probably it is Windows-1252. Most likely, if that code was supposed to represent a bullet. • The bullet charcter on Apple's 10.4 OS is option-8 € Shift-option k is • A more standard character set leaves the character 95 undefined. Codes 80..9F hex and U+0080 .. U+009F belong to the C1 control area in many standards (ISO 8859 and Unicode) and 95h represents "Message Waiting" control code. While I have used C1 controls to control terminals, I do not recall that I would have used MW :-). -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
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Parasitic Oscillation
95 R. L. Measures. wrote:
In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. ** I did not send 95. I use a UNIX-based operating system. If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Rob. cheers I am using Linux. But I guess that does not count as a UNIX based OS. ** I don't know Rob. I am using Apple's 10.4 OS. It doesn't matter anyway. The OS has nothing to do with this. Your news program is broken, or does not expect the use you make of it. As your news program does not tell what character set you use, you should limit your characters to the 00-7F range. Check what is in your fullname config setting. ** I am not using an OS with such a setting in the system prefs. Probably it is in your news program. Somewhere you have set that your name, "95 R. L. Measures.", has to appear above your news postings. When you change that to "R. L. Measures" all trouble is gone. And don't insert that character in replies either. There is a character with hex value 95 there. But you don't have the matching character set header that is supposed to tell what that character should mean. (without a character set header, the default character set is 7-bit ASCII which does not include 95) |
Parasitic Oscillation
95 R. L. Measures. wrote:
In article , Paul Keinanen wrote: On 03 Jul 2010 18:32:59 GMT, Rob wrote: Fred McKenzie wrote: In article , (95 R. L. Measures.) wrote: If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Richard- Is it the OS, or is it the font? I see a 95 character that may be different from what you see. What font are you using? His postings do not specify the character set he is using. Probably it is Windows-1252. Most likely, if that code was supposed to represent a bullet. 95 The bullet charcter on Apple's 10.4 OS is option-8 80 Shift-option k is 95 You apparently don't understand that what you see on your screen is not what others see on their screen! What do you see when you hit Shift-option k? Don't just hit the keys, but explain what you see on the screen. Also, check if you can set the news program to use a standard character set, like ISO-8859-1 or Unicode UTF-8. |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Fred
McKenzie wrote: In article , (• R. L. Measures.) wrote: I see a • character • Correct Fred. Then it IS the font, even though you don't know what I see! I've had problems with "high ASCII" characters over the years. One that caused problems was Microsoft's use of such a character for the 1/2 fraction, which appears as an Omega symbol (‡) on my screen. Until I realized what was happening, some Word documents didn't make sense. Fortunately, newer versions of Word for Mac fixed the problem. I think the point others were trying to make, is that your use of the 95 (•) character looks bad when viewed by many people. It isn't a Unix character, it is a Macintosh font character that was in use before OS X came on the scene. ** thanks Fred. Windows users also have with the ohms character I use. Fred K4DII -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Rob
wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. ** I did not send 95. I use a UNIX-based operating system. If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Rob. cheers I am using Linux. But I guess that does not count as a UNIX based OS. ** I don't know Rob. I am using Apple's 10.4 OS. It doesn't matter anyway. The OS has nothing to do with this. Your news program is broken, or does not expect the use you make of it. ** this Newsreader app is designed for Apple's OS10.4. As your news program does not tell what character set you use, you should limit your characters to the 00-7F range. Check what is in your fullname config setting. ** I am not using an OS with such a setting in the system prefs. Probably it is in your news program. ** I don't see fullname anything in Newswatcher 2.2 3b2 Peferences. Somewhere you have set that your name, "95 R. L. Measures.", has to appear above your news postings. When you change that to "R. L. Measures" all trouble is gone. And don't insert that character in replies either. ** About a third of the denizens in the Newsgroups I frequent have no trouble seeing the bullet character (option 8) and the bitten apple character (shift-option k). cheers Rob -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Rob
wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Paul Keinanen wrote: On 03 Jul 2010 18:32:59 GMT, Rob wrote: Fred McKenzie wrote: In article , (95 R. L. Measures.) wrote: If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Richard- Is it the OS, or is it the font? I see a 95 character that may be different from what you see. What font are you using? His postings do not specify the character set he is using. Probably it is Windows-1252. Most likely, if that code was supposed to represent a bullet. 95 The bullet charcter on Apple's 10.4 OS is option-8 80 Shift-option k is 95 You apparently don't understand that what you see on your screen is not what others see on their screen! What do you see when you hit Shift-option k? ** a bitten apple ........ Also, check if you can set the news program to use a standard character set, like ISO-8859-1 or Unicode UTF-8. ** Newswatcher X 2.2 is designed for Mac OS 10 -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
95 R. L. Measures. wrote:
In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. ** I did not send 95. I use a UNIX-based operating system. If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Rob. cheers I am using Linux. But I guess that does not count as a UNIX based OS. ** I don't know Rob. I am using Apple's 10.4 OS. It doesn't matter anyway. The OS has nothing to do with this. Your news program is broken, or does not expect the use you make of it. ** this Newsreader app is designed for Apple's OS10.4. The problems is not in the interface between your program and the operating system, but in the interface between the program and usenet. The program does not operate according to the conventions of usenet. When it is not using the US-ASCII character set (00-7F), it should tell the reader what character set it uses. This program doesn't, or you have not configured it to do so. As your news program does not tell what character set you use, you should limit your characters to the 00-7F range. Check what is in your fullname config setting. ** I am not using an OS with such a setting in the system prefs. Probably it is in your news program. ** I don't see fullname anything in Newswatcher 2.2 3b2 Peferences. The setting is either in the program or in the operating system. The software does not invent the setting "95 R. L. Measures." by itself, not even on an Apple. This information has been entered by you sometime. ** About a third of the denizens in the Newsgroups I frequent have no trouble seeing the bullet character (option 8) and the bitten apple character (shift-option k). Probably your friends all use the same software as you do. It is not surprising that the same error it has when posting an article is also present when reading it back. |
Parasitic Oscillation
95 R. L. Measures. wrote:
What do you see when you hit Shift-option k? ** a bitten apple You probably see that only on a Mac. Windows users most likely see a bullet. Users of other systems see an unrecongnized character, shown on my system as the hex value in angle brackets. |
Parasitic Oscillation
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Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Rob
wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: In article , Rob wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: The character 95 you seem to be fond of is not part of the character set you use for your news postings. ** I did not send 95. I use a UNIX-based operating system. If you were using a UNIX based OS you would see what I actually write Rob. cheers I am using Linux. But I guess that does not count as a UNIX based OS. ** I don't know Rob. I am using Apple's 10.4 OS. It doesn't matter anyway. The OS has nothing to do with this. Your news program is broken, or does not expect the use you make of it. ** this Newsreader app is designed for Apple's OS10.4. The problems is not in the interface between your program and the operating system, but in the interface between the program and usenet. The program does not operate according to the conventions of usenet. When it is not using the US-ASCII character set (00-7F), it should tell the reader what character set it uses. This program doesn't, or you have not configured it to do so. As your news program does not tell what character set you use, you should limit your characters to the 00-7F range. Check what is in your fullname config setting. ** I am not using an OS with such a setting in the system prefs. Probably it is in your news program. ** I don't see fullname anything in Newswatcher 2.2 3b2 Peferences. The setting is either in the program or in the operating system. The software does not invent the setting "95 R. L. Measures." by itself, not even on an Apple. This information has been entered by you sometime. ** I did not enter 95, I entered shift-option-k. ** About a third of the denizens in the Newsgroups I frequent have no trouble seeing the bullet character (option 8) and the bitten apple character (shift-option k). Probably your friends all use the same software as you do. ** they do not. It is not surprising that the same error it has when posting an article is also present when reading it back. -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Rob
wrote: 95 R. L. Measures. wrote: What do you see when you hit Shift-option k? ** a bitten apple You probably see that only on a Mac. Windows users most likely see a bullet. Users of other systems see an unrecongnized character, shown on my system as the hex value in angle brackets. thanks Rob -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Fred
McKenzie wrote: In article , (• R. L. Measures.) wrote: I don't see fullname anything in Newswatcher 2.2 3b2 Peferences. Richard- There is a newer Newswatcher. I think the latest is version 3.5.3b3. ** that's MT Newswatcher, a more complex app that does killfiles. I have had grief from the MT version in the past, and I don't killfile anyone so I went back to the plain-vanilla version, Rather than using a non-standard bitten apple as part of your name, why not include an X-Face image in the headers? Under Special - Personalities - Headers & Misc. - Signature & Headers - Extra News Headers, paste the following into the box: ** there is no such thing in Newswatcher 2.2 Preferences. X-Face: nrf3{WQ6c&r+7@e)"]0G60`-6ND^)I2mI%)QGYa=9"=7jhd-g2|b3!Al0+ Ccb%xGQshhi|g@QU2$ That image is the bitten apple. It will show up in the heading of your messages for those people who have a news reader with X-Face capability. You can paste that into a text file and name it with the suffix, .x-face. (filename.x-face) If you drop that file onto GraphicConverter, ** Is that a Mac app? it should open to show a large crude bitten apple. When viewed small, it looks much better. GraphicConverter is capable of creating additional x-face images. Fred K4DII -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
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Parasitic Oscillation
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Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Fred
McKenzie wrote: It isn't in the preferences. "Special" is an item in the menu bar. It seems that NewsWatcher-X (2.2.3b2) has a place in preferences called "Extra Header Lines". I tried pasting my x-face there, and will soon see if it will successfully post the image to this message! It appears that 2.2.3b2 does not display x-face images like the newer version does. By the way, the MTNW has an asterisk by each thread where you have posted a message. Even when collapsed, you can tell which threads to check for replies. With your way, you can only recognize your posting when it is the first one. Fred |
Parasitic Oscillation
Paul Keinanen wrote:
On Mon, 05 Jul 2010 05:17:20 -0700, (• R. L. Measures.) wrote: In article , Rob wrote: The setting is either in the program or in the operating system. The software does not invent the setting "95 R. L. Measures." by itself, not even on an Apple. This information has been entered by you sometime. ** I did not enter 95, I entered shift-option-k. After following this tread, I have no problems understanding why you are banned from various moderated newsgroups :-). Yes indeed! |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Paul Keinanen
wrote: On Mon, 05 Jul 2010 05:17:20 -0700, (• R. L. Measures.) wrote: In article , Rob wrote: The setting is either in the program or in the operating system. The software does not invent the setting "95 R. L. Measures." by itself, not even on an Apple. This information has been entered by you sometime. ** I did not enter 95, I entered shift-option-k. After following this tread, I have no problems understanding why you are banned from various moderated newsgroups :-). chortle -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
Parasitic Oscillation
In article , Fred
McKenzie wrote: In article , (• R. L. Measures.) wrote: Rather than using a non-standard bitten apple as part of your name, why not include an X-Face image in the headers? Under Special - Personalities - Headers & Misc. - Signature & Headers - Extra News Headers, paste the following into the box: ** there is no such thing in Newswatcher 2.2 Preferences. It isn't in the preferences. "Special" is an item in the menu bar. • not on my copy I also used NewsWatcher for a long time but eventually updated to MTNW. So far there are no problems I've noticed. I can't speak for the latest version used with an older OS. • I'm still using a G4 Mac. You can paste that into a text file and name it with the suffix, .x-face. (filename.x-face) If you drop that file onto GraphicConverter, ** Is that a Mac app? Yes. It is a graphics app that has been around for a long time, probably as long as NewsWatcher. Fred -- Richard L. Measures. AG6K, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org |
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