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No, with sufficient load current, the choke current never goes to zero.
See the formula for the minimum choke inductance versus supply voltage and current...the usual formula also assumes 60Hz---120Hz ripple. Remember: V=L*di/dt. The output DC voltage is the average of the input voltage to the choke, less any I*R drop in the choke. It MUST be, or the current in the choke would change until it was. So the output voltage is (nominally) 0.9* the RMS input voltage, or 0.9/sqrt(2) times the peak voltage, assuming the choke input voltage tracks the full-wave rectified sine (in other words, the absolute value of the sine). When the input voltage to the choke is the output voltage, the choke current increases. When it is less, the choke current decreases. The average choke current must be the average load current, or electrons would accumulate somewhere. If the inductance is large enough, and the cycles come fast enough, then the change in current is less than enough to make the current go to zero. It's a bit of calculating to do it for a sine wave. Just think of this example: a square wave that sits at zero for one second, then at 2 volts for one second, then repeats. Feed it to a choke, say 2 henries. Output of the choke to a mongo capacitor, so the output voltage doesn't change significantly. Put a 1 amp load current on it. The output voltage must be one volt, since that's the average of the input. So half the time the choke has one volt across it in one direction, and half the time it has one volt in the other direction. One volt divided by two henries is half an amp per second. Since the average current is one amp, the current must swing between 0.75 amps and 1.25 amps. It never goes to zero, or even close. But drop the load current to 0.25 amps, and the choke current goes just to zero when the input is at the end of the low period. A bit lower load current, and the choke current would go negative (or to zero if there's a diode keeping it going one direction only). That's why a choke input filter looses its good regulation if the load current gets too small. In the full wave rectifier, the choke current (if it doesn't drop to zero) will force the diode output voltage to be one diode drop below ground, PLUS the I*R drop in the transformer winding, when the voltage across the outside of the secondary is zero. At that point, both diodes will be conducting equally, assuming they are matched, and half the choke current will come from each half of the transformer secondary. Hope that helps! Cheers, Tom (off to Holden for a week...no internet there, so you're in John's capable hands on this one!) To illustrate this wi |
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