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There are a few other factors here. The big one ne is that no real
tube or transistor swings ALL THE WAY to zero volts at full current! Another is that for the final to be truly ohmic would require that a near-Class E or F condition, with the grid swinging from cutoff to saturation almost instantly(as in a square-wave drive, sometimes used in broadcast AM Class F setups). The next condition is that the current drawn through the load at 2X supply voltage must not cause the tube or transistor's bottoming voltage to more than double! In the real world, this means that the current(loading) must be backied off from CW conditions for any particular device, just as the voltage must be. If you load a final for maximum output at carrier, guess what-you will be lucky to see 30% upward modulation with MOSFETS or somewhat better with tubes! As a result, you want to design the final as though you were building a CW amp to operate at double the supply votage with so short a duty cycle that dissipation wouldn't overheat the device first. The active device must not at any time be an impediment to drawing full AC current through the load. OK, here's what my experiments with the IRF 510 MOSFET uncovered at MF: 1: this device can make 55W a part at 17V, but for even 90% modulation you must cut loading to 37W a pair. Similar current derating should be expectd from tubes, bipolars, etc. 2: MOSFETS tend to lose drive as you raise the supply voltage. Here's why-in Class C, You are severely compressing voltage gain. As you add B+ in modulation, voltage gain increases. This increases the effect of Miller(reverse transfer) capacitance). Any non- neutralized common-cathode device will have this problem-or at the other extreme could oscillate on peaks! MOSFETS are lossy in all interelectrode capacitances, so even with "unilaterialization" in which both R and C(not just C) are balanced, drive loss in the resuloting "bridge" circuit" still rises with the supply voltage. Since MOSFETS cannot be driven beyond maximum safe gate voltage, you therfore will need to modulate the driver as well, or apply a few volts of gate modulation as an alternative. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, you will have 100% downward modulation real easy, but as little as 30-50% upward modulation, with a real serious carrier shift problem and audio that sounds like $%^&. 3: I've heard bipolar transistors also need some base modulation to follow collector modulation properly. 4: Tetrodes have a similar problem, but in a different way. Here, the problem is that plate voltage and evn bottoming voltage have little effect on plate current, and real-world tetrodes and pentodes require some screen modulation to propely follow the plate modulation. 5: Triodes with their low plate resistance may well give bottoming voltage in proportion to current, and therefore to voltage. This is a desirable condition, but the only common use of triodes today is in grounded-grid, where 100% downward modulation is impossible. One of the nice things about those Class E and F, true ZVS finals for AM is that they give a far more ohmic modulation curve! |
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