one by one.
through is actually a piece of cable used to connect the two ports of
the VNA, prion to making what we call 2 ports measuremets: gain or
transmission response. it just lets you set you baseline and calibrate
out the incosistencies of the measuring setup.
for a short use the connector of your choice, with a well made short on
the back side. cut a small piece of copper or brass drill a hole for
the pin and solder everything as close as possible to the connector's
shell
for an open, use again a connector of your choice with the pin cut
flush with the back of the shell and left open. I used these made out
from SMA and TnC connectors up to 3 GHz and they were quite allright
for all practical purposes. I had the HP units to compare and they
wewren't far off.
Saandy 4Z5KS