On Thu, 24 May 2007 04:14:00 GMT, Rick wrote:

If the ground radials go from 45 degree sloping downward to straight
horizontal, at what point does it become a ground plane and not a dipole?

Hi Rick,

It becomes a "ground plane" (as you think of it) only when you plant
the radials (fully horizontal) into the ground - otherwise, with
elevation, it is an elaborate vertical dipole.

73's
Richard Clark, KB7QHC