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Richard made a good summary about the problem with common mode currents.
I'm a little leery, however, of the suggestion of putting a bead every foot. The reason is that a common mode choke (aka current balun, or bead) has low loss if its impedance is either much higher or much lower than the common mode impedance. Loss is maximized when it's roughly the same. So I can see situations where the distributed beads might end up dissipating a significant fraction of the applied power. But I've never set up and measured such a system, or modeled one, so don't have any evidence this would happen. As the developer and seller of antenna modeling software, I also caution people that models of the types of baluns and transformers commonly used for OCF dipoles are greatly in error when used as an OCF feed. The problem is that on many bands the transformer or balun is operating with impedances well outside its design range, and consequently adds series and shunt impedance and exhibits a changed transformation ratio. Here are a couple of postings I made on this forum some time ago: 3/10/07 Here are some characteristics of off-center fed dipoles which I've observed in doing careful measurements: 1. The feepoint balun is commonly a voltage balun, which may have the nominal claimed impedance transformation ratio over most of the HF range when terminated with 50 + j0 ohms times the tranformation ratio. However, the antenna doesn't have this impedance at hardly any frequency, and can be very different at some frequencies. When presented with load impedances typical of the antenna, the transformation ratio is way off and becomes complex, and the balun adds considerable shunt and series reactance. 2. Whenever a voltage balun is used to feed an asymmetrical antenna, it creates an imbalance current in its attempt to equalize the voltages at the two halves relative to the "cold" side of the input. This imbalance current flows down the feedline as a common mode current. 3. Additional common mode current results from the unequal mutual coupling between the feedline and unequal antenna halves. 4. It takes very concentrated efforts to reduce the common mode current to a low level on all bands. Multiple current baluns (probably what the CW calls and "isolator") are required, and even then it might also require feedline length adjustments to get low common mode current on all bands. 5. Without being able to quantify what the feedpoint balun will do in terms of transformation, reactance, and common mode current generation, it's impossible to build a model of one of these antennas with any confidence, even if the feedline is included in the model. The best efforts I made to measure a real antenna and its balun and build a model based on the measurements led to generally poor agreement between the measured and model impedance. Consequently I'm extremely skeptical of any model that purports to predict anything about OCF dipole performance. 9/22/08 A while back I did some pretty careful measurements of an OCF dipole. I found that ferrites were required at both the feedpoint and at one or more places along the feedline. The ferrites at the feedpoint suppress the conducted common mode current (which is actually forced to exist by the voltage balun). But the asymmetry of the antenna results in common mode current being induced onto the feedline by mutual coupling to the antenna. This isn't a problem in a symmetrical dipole if the feedline is positioned symmetrically relative to the antenna, since the currents induced by the two equal halves cancel. But the OCF dipole can result in quite a lot of induced common mode current. Ideally, you'd put at least a second bunch of snap on cores about a quarter wavelength from the feedpoint. But one of the main reasons people use OCFs is for multi-band operation. So the thing to do is to place the cores for maximum effectiveness on the band(s) where you have the most trouble -- the common mode current also depends on the feedline length and position, and will vary considerably from band to band even if you do nothing. My opinion is that users of OCF dipoles are just about always going to have to deal with some amount of common mode current, and the best you can do is reduce it to a level you can tolerate. Roy Lewallen, W7EL |
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