On Mar 11, 10:28*am, Art Unwin wrote:
A tank circuit represents an antenna closed circuit where in the
absence of friction shows the action of electric field changing to a
magnetic field as a sample of perpetual motion. However perpetual
motion does not exist so to account for all forces involved we have to
determine the amount of friction. We cannot use a series circuit as we
have no way of determining friction OR the point of the curve crossing
the the zero reactance level.
Thus we have to use a parallel circuit where we can use the cross over
point as being a period where it is seen as balanced and in
equilibrium.
The reason we cannot use a series circuit or anything pertaining to a
fractional wave in examining the performance of a radiator is because
the impedance curve does not represent a true sine wave. After a
period of time has occurred the source replaces any frictional losses
that have occurred. To do this the amplitude of the curve at the
beginning of a cycle moves higher than any othe point on the curve
where it replaces and exceeds the frictional losses that have
occurred. By doing this it uses time that is not in accordance to a
true sine wave and detracts from the accuracy of the following curve.
This useage of time during a period or cycle must be accounted for if
one is to determine all forces involved, which is why equilibrium or
balance must be followed when determining the characteristics of
radiation. There fore ,it should be seen that a full wave length or
multiples there of should be considered when dealing with radiators
since otherwise we are ignoring the overshoot effect required to
replace frictional losses.
Modern computer programs equiped with an optimiser are equiped to deal
with this as they will modify any inputs such that they are in
accordance with Maxwells laws where all forces are considered.
In the case of a yagi it must be seen that each element radiates
including the last one where the value is unknown and not included in
a fudged result. If one supplies an input that does not pre guide a
planar solution all optimiser programs will account for all forces
involved and will always supply an array that is not planar as a yagi
shows.
* * Thus for accurracy with respect to Maxwells laws one must have an
array that is in equilibrium which reflects Newtons laws where vectors
outside the "boundary" such as gravity and the Earths rotatation is
reflected by opposing vectors within the boundary. The consequences of
this is that the rotation vector in combination of that of gravity
will always produce an array that opposes gravity alone as with a
vertical at 90 degrees to the Earths surface if one pursuit is
accuracy.
The requirement of equilibrium is shown by the law of Gauss which when
added by a time varying field equates to the laws of Maxwell which
demands the presence of equilibrium and shows that a static particle
must be present to provide mass to which, via accelleration or
decelleration, which serves as the carrier of charge or charge.
This in no way conflicts with ideas or theories that particles and
waves can provide similar properties under certain cercumstances but
instead provides proof that particles are the carriers of what is
known as communication.
Cheers and beers.
Art Unwin * *KB9MZ...xg

If Maxwell and Gauss building on the observations of Newton
postulated that particles were the carriers of charge fpr
communication it is essential that we determiune where the particle of
mass came from together with its properties.
For consistencies sake we will continue with what boundary laws leads
us to.
Obviously the particle was initially with in a boundary when the
boundary was broken.
Since the Sun shows that it has a connection with communication let us
assume that It is the Sun inside the boundary or something else within
that boundary. If the boundary is to be broken mass is to escape. This
it can do by applying a vector on the boundary that removes
equilibrium. At the same time as the mass proceeds thro the hinged
breakage another vector is created on the escaping particle which
imparts spin. It is these same two vectors that are at the end of a
long chain of vectors which are those of gravity and the Earths
rotation. It is known that each cubic metre of volume of air on Earth
contains billions of particles that arrive from outer space where they
look for a place to rest. Most of the Earth is covered by diamagnetic
materials or surface and we can see the effect of these particles that
provide a skin upon diamagnetic surface such as water, aluminum. These
particles squeeze themselves together such that they can form water
into droplets where the particles are strong enough to completely
encapsulate the water or most liquides that
do not retain the effects of magnetism.
We make our antennas of diamagnetic materials where the surface is
completely covered with the smallest particles known to man.
Application of a time varying field applies vector forces upon the
material surface where these vectors are three dimensional form such
that they can elevate and eject these particles in a accellerated
manner so they may carry a charge ( see my page for current flow
diag). The particles being the smallest known mass
represents the highest acceleration possible and where it happens to
be equal to the speed of light.
It must be noted that a radio can only apply a time varying current to
a radiator which has a pre determined speed in metal so that the
period or cycle can be determined. This speed in metal becomes very
important when dealing with creation of fields and the impact of this
particle on materials where the penetration of such particles can
attenuate the charge that it carries such that it can lose 3 db of
charge for a penetration oif one skin depth and continues in parabolic
form when it produces a vortex.
The two vectors or forces shown show why Einstein considered a
standard model was possible in the same way humans follow a genetic
code. Einstein eventually was able to determine the presense of
particles by another method or physic science. For those familiar with
the double slit experiment depth penetration or surface encapsulation
of
orifices were never taken into consideration so the conclusions cannot
be seen as complete. Hopefully this satifies the request where
allsqlient particulars are supplied other than whether a, b.c.or d
should be marked in the event of an exam.
Cheers and beers
Arrt Unwin .....KB9MZ.....xg