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#41
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
amdx wrote:
Hi All, Please look at this in fixed font. I'm looking for understanding of a series to parallel conversion for antenna matching. I'm pretty sure I'm missing something, so point it out to me. This is in regard to a crystal radio, so the match is for a low impedance antenna to a high impedance tank circuit. The antenna: R=58 ohms C=1072 ohms at 1Mhz. The tank: L=240uh C=106pf Q = 1000 Tank Z =~1.5 Mohms Here's my understanding of what I think I'm reading. I put a matching capacitor in series with the antenna. Antenna-- -----R-----C--------Match cap-----tank------ground. and this is supposed to transform the circuit to this. ( Maybe better said, equivalent to this) l------------l l l Antenna--- R C LC---Tank l l l------------l ^ Ground I calculate an 18.5pf cap for the match, making the antenna look like 58R and 17pf. So this; Antenna-- -----58R-----270pf--------Match cap18.5pf-----1.5Mohms------ground. This converts to; l-----------------l l l Antenna---58R 17pf 1.5M---LC Tank at l l Resonance l-----------------l ^ Ground And I now have a 1.5 Mohms source feeding a 1.5 Mohm load. The purpose of which is to cause minimal loading of the tank by the antenna. I don't understand how adding a series capacitor makes a parallel conversion. What do I misunderstand or do just need to believe the numbers. Thanks, Mikek Well, that is nominally considered as "matching" in that the coupling from the antenna is minimal so as to not load the parallel resonant circuit; a tradeoff actually between energy transfer and loading. A better way might be to have a low Z tap on the inductor; a method used in radios since the 60's i think. |
#42
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
On Fri, 14 Jan 2011 14:45:25 -0600, "amdx" wrote:
Thanks, Mikek Hi Mike, You are welcome. 73's Richard Clark, KB7QHC |
#43
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
"Robert Baer" wrote in message net... amdx wrote: Hi All, Please look at this in fixed font. I'm looking for understanding of a series to parallel conversion for antenna matching. I'm pretty sure I'm missing something, so point it out to me. This is in regard to a crystal radio, so the match is for a low impedance antenna to a high impedance tank circuit. The antenna: R=58 ohms C=1072 ohms at 1Mhz. The tank: L=240uh C=106pf Q = 1000 Tank Z =~1.5 Mohms Here's my understanding of what I think I'm reading. I put a matching capacitor in series with the antenna. Antenna-- -----R-----C--------Match cap-----tank------ground. and this is supposed to transform the circuit to this. ( Maybe better said, equivalent to this) l------------l l l Antenna--- R C LC---Tank l l l------------l ^ Ground I calculate an 18.5pf cap for the match, making the antenna look like 58R and 17pf. So this; Antenna-- -----58R-----270pf--------Match cap18.5pf-----1.5Mohms------ground. This converts to; l-----------------l l l Antenna---58R 17pf 1.5M---LC Tank at l l Resonance l-----------------l ^ Ground And I now have a 1.5 Mohms source feeding a 1.5 Mohm load. The purpose of which is to cause minimal loading of the tank by the antenna. I don't understand how adding a series capacitor makes a parallel conversion. What do I misunderstand or do just need to believe the numbers. Thanks, Mikek Well, that is nominally considered as "matching" in that the coupling from the antenna is minimal so as to not load the parallel resonant circuit; a tradeoff actually between energy transfer and loading. A better way might be to have a low Z tap on the inductor; a method used in radios since the 60's i think. Yes that can be done, but my inductor will be 660/46 litz wire. I'm sure it's possible to make a tap, but with the cost of litz I don't want to. Mikek |
#44
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
"Antonio Vernucci" wrote in message . .. Mikek, on of the main problem of this newsgroup is that people write answers without carefully reading the question. Everyone tends to "convert" the question toward issues he is able to write something about, Unfortunately those issues often have little to do with the original question. I am offering you my answer, which may be clear, so and.so, or hardly understandable ... I do not know. But be sure that at least I paid maximum efforts to appreciate your question (though my numbers do not always match yours). I'll try to explain the issue in the easiest way I can, assumimng that all components behave in an ideal manner. Let us first resume your hypotheses: - the antenna has an impedance equal to the SERIES of a 58-ohm resistance and a capacitive reactance of -1,072 ohms which, at 1 MHz, corresponds to a 148.5-pF capacitance - your aim is to transform that complex impedance into a 1.5-Mohm purely-resistive impedance, that would match that of your tank circuit. That said, you must first appreciate that your antenna can be visualized in two ways: - as the SERIES of R=58ohm, C=148.5pF (as said above) - or, by applying the series-to-parallel transformation formula, as the PARALLEL of R=19,862ohm, C=148.1pF These are just two fully equivalent ways of describing the same physical antenna. You can freely use the one which suits you best. For our purposes let us here visualize your antenna as the parallel of R=19,862ohm, C=148.1pF. That said, assume for a moment that you are able to eliminate in some way (i'll tell you after how) the 148.1-pF parallel capacitance. What would then remain is a 19,862-ohm resistance, a value which unfortunately does not match the 1.5-Mohm figure you wish to get. So, how to get just 1.5Mohm instead? Playing with the transformation formulas you would realize that, if the SERIES representation of your antenna would hypothetically be R=58 ohm, C=54 pF (instead of R=58 ohm, C=148.5 pF as it is in the reality), the corresponding PARALLEL representation would then become R=1.5Mohm, C=53.9 pF. Just the resistance value you wish to get! But modifying the SERIES representation of your antenna according to your needs is very easy: if you put an 85-pF capacitance in series with the antenna, its total capacitance would change from C=148.1 pF to C=54pf. And the antenna SERIES representation would then become R=58 ohm, C=54 pF, as you were aiming at. Once you have put such 85-pF capacitance in series with your antenna, its PARALLEL representation becomes R=1.5 MHohm, C=53.9 pF, as said earlier. For removing the 53.9-pF residual parallel capacitance, just resonate it with a 470-uH parallel inductance. The trick is then done: what remains is just the 1.5-Mohm resistance you wanted to get! In summary: - put a 85-pF in series (i.e. in between your antenna and the tank circuit) - put a 470uH inductance in parallel to the tank (in practice this just means to increase the tank inductance by 470uH with respect to its nominal value). 73 Tony I0IX Rome, Italy Thank you Tony, for the good description you made. I wrote a short basic program to calculate the parallel conversion. I can run the numbers for different frequencies, and different Cs and Rs for the antenna. Thanks for the tip about the parallel inductor. Thanks again, Mikek |
#45
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
amdx wrote:
"Robert Baer" wrote in message net... amdx wrote: Hi All, Please look at this in fixed font. I'm looking for understanding of a series to parallel conversion for antenna matching. I'm pretty sure I'm missing something, so point it out to me. This is in regard to a crystal radio, so the match is for a low impedance antenna to a high impedance tank circuit. The antenna: R=58 ohms C=1072 ohms at 1Mhz. The tank: L=240uh C=106pf Q = 1000 Tank Z =~1.5 Mohms Here's my understanding of what I think I'm reading. I put a matching capacitor in series with the antenna. Antenna-- -----R-----C--------Match cap-----tank------ground. and this is supposed to transform the circuit to this. ( Maybe better said, equivalent to this) l------------l l l Antenna--- R C LC---Tank l l l------------l ^ Ground I calculate an 18.5pf cap for the match, making the antenna look like 58R and 17pf. So this; Antenna-- -----58R-----270pf--------Match cap18.5pf-----1.5Mohms------ground. This converts to; l-----------------l l l Antenna---58R 17pf 1.5M---LC Tank at l l Resonance l-----------------l ^ Ground And I now have a 1.5 Mohms source feeding a 1.5 Mohm load. The purpose of which is to cause minimal loading of the tank by the antenna. I don't understand how adding a series capacitor makes a parallel conversion. What do I misunderstand or do just need to believe the numbers. Thanks, Mikek Well, that is nominally considered as "matching" in that the coupling from the antenna is minimal so as to not load the parallel resonant circuit; a tradeoff actually between energy transfer and loading. A better way might be to have a low Z tap on the inductor; a method used in radios since the 60's i think. Yes that can be done, but my inductor will be 660/46 litz wire. I'm sure it's possible to make a tap, but with the cost of litz I don't want to. Mikek So what is wrong with winding a "second" layer with only a few truns (say 1/20 of larger coil) and connecting it series aiding, use whole "tapped" (now) coil for the LC resonance and the use that (new) tap? Besides, if it is not would, the amount of the wire would be no different wether you put a tap in or not. |
#46
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
amdx wrote:
"Robert Baer" wrote in message Well, that is nominally considered as "matching" in that the coupling from the antenna is minimal so as to not load the parallel resonant circuit; a tradeoff actually between energy transfer and loading. A better way might be to have a low Z tap on the inductor; a method used in radios since the 60's i think. Yes that can be done, but my inductor will be 660/46 litz wire. I'm sure it's possible to make a tap, but with the cost of litz I don't want to. Mikek Saving a few cents on Lits wire will cost you almost half of the power you could deliver to the tank. This won't give you maximum power transfer. |
#47
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
"Robert Baer" wrote in message ... amdx wrote: "Robert Baer" wrote in message net... amdx wrote: Hi All, Please look at this in fixed font. I'm looking for understanding of a series to parallel conversion for antenna matching. I'm pretty sure I'm missing something, so point it out to me. This is in regard to a crystal radio, so the match is for a low impedance antenna to a high impedance tank circuit. The antenna: R=58 ohms C=1072 ohms at 1Mhz. The tank: L=240uh C=106pf Q = 1000 Tank Z =~1.5 Mohms Here's my understanding of what I think I'm reading. I put a matching capacitor in series with the antenna. Antenna-- -----R-----C--------Match cap-----tank------ground. and this is supposed to transform the circuit to this. ( Maybe better said, equivalent to this) l------------l l l Antenna--- R C LC---Tank l l l------------l ^ Ground I calculate an 18.5pf cap for the match, making the antenna look like 58R and 17pf. So this; Antenna-- -----58R-----270pf--------Match cap18.5pf-----1.5Mohms------ground. This converts to; l-----------------l l l Antenna---58R 17pf 1.5M---LC Tank at l l Resonance l-----------------l ^ Ground And I now have a 1.5 Mohms source feeding a 1.5 Mohm load. The purpose of which is to cause minimal loading of the tank by the antenna. I don't understand how adding a series capacitor makes a parallel conversion. What do I misunderstand or do just need to believe the numbers. Thanks, Mikek Well, that is nominally considered as "matching" in that the coupling from the antenna is minimal so as to not load the parallel resonant circuit; a tradeoff actually between energy transfer and loading. A better way might be to have a low Z tap on the inductor; a method used in radios since the 60's i think. Yes that can be done, but my inductor will be 660/46 litz wire. I'm sure it's possible to make a tap, but with the cost of litz I don't want to. Mikek So what is wrong with winding a "second" layer with only a few truns (say 1/20 of larger coil) and connecting it series aiding, use whole "tapped" (now) coil for the LC resonance and the use that (new) tap? Besides, if it is not would, the amount of the wire would be no different wether you put a tap in or not. Nothing wrong with that at all, there are many ways to build a crystal radio. Here's just 77 of them. Have fun, Mikek |
#48
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
joe wrote:
Saving a few cents on Lits wire will cost you almost half of the power you could deliver to the tank. This won't give you maximum power transfer. Correction: You'll lose much more than half the power. |
#49
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
On Sat, 15 Jan 2011 07:50:13 -0600, joe wrote:
joe wrote: Saving a few cents on Lits wire will cost you almost half of the power you could deliver to the tank. This won't give you maximum power transfer. Correction: You'll lose much more than half the power. Hi Joe, Care to go deeper? Would that "more than half the power" be 3.1dB? 6dB? 20dB? Why "half the power" as a round number instead of a tenth? 73's Richard Clark, KB7QHC |
#50
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Understanding Parallel to Series conversion
Richard Clark wrote:
On Sat, 15 Jan 2011 07:50:13 -0600, joe wrote: joe wrote: Saving a few cents on Lits wire will cost you almost half of the power you could deliver to the tank. This won't give you maximum power transfer. Correction: You'll lose much more than half the power. Hi Joe, Care to go deeper? Would that "more than half the power" be 3.1dB? 6dB? 20dB? Why "half the power" as a round number instead of a tenth? 73's Richard Clark, KB7QHC Why, because I chose not to go into detail. If you look only at a resistive source impedance, the most power we can get is ((Vsource/2)**2)/Rsource Now the example starts with Rsource = 58 ohms and is trying to transform that to match a 1.5 Meg load. The power available from a source with 1.5 M source impedance is much less than that from a 58 ohm source. Hint : 58/1.5M So, doing something to match the tank to the load could be much more effective. A tapped coil or additional winding has been suggested. |
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