It would be interesting to recreate the measurements at other locations. My
location has 500 feet of sand below me. It would be a great improvement just
to have poor soil.


"Walter Maxwell" wrote in message
...
Hi Reg,

You've presented a very interesting way of measuring soil characteristics.
When
I return to Florida in November I'm going to use your method of measuring
the
soil underneath the dipole whose impedances I measured over the frequency
range
14 to 15 MHz at various heights above ground, including one set of
measurements
with the dipole lying on the ground.

One of the reasons I offered to distribute the data from my measurements
is to
see whether anyone can deduce any soil characteristics from the changes in
impedance with height. The changes are significant. For example, the
terminal
impedance with the dipole on the ground runs from 470 + j250 at 14 MHz to
570 +
j132 at 15 MHz. The inductive reactance doesn't become capacitive until
the
dipole is 2 ft off the ground. In addition, except at zero height, the
resistance component decreases with height, but for every height the
resistance
increases with frequency. Do you think any of the soil characteristics
could be
determined by such data?

Would you like a copy of my data, just fer the helovit?

Walt, W2DU

Hi All,

Reg asked if I could send my data as an email, so I converted the file to text
format to be able to present the data in full here in this msg.

I checked to see that the tabular format remained intact, and it did in Outlook
Express, so here it is. I hope the tabular format will remain intact in your
browsers. Be sure to give your screen maximum width. If it doesn't, let me know
and I'll resend in PDF format.

I'd like to hear your comments.

Walt, W2DU

Dipole Terminal Impedance Data Obtained From Measurements at Various Heights
Above Ground in the Frequency Range from 14.0 to 15.0 MHz. Measurements Made be
W2DU at the W2DU site in DeLand, Florida.



081883z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 0 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 32.24 82.000 .7129 5.97 .8361 11.203 471.51 249.55

14.050 34.51 85.410 .7122 5.95 .8355 11.162 472.73 246.63

14.100 37.29 89.720 .7130 5.97 .8367 11.246 492.08 236.91

14.150 40.17 93.780 .7133 5.98 .8372 11.287 499.53 233.27

14.200 43.26 98.590 .7161 6.04 .8408 11.562 519.29 232.53

14.250 47.28 101.890 .7108 5.91 .8348 11.104 500.18 221.92

14.300 50.16 106.640 .7158 6.04 .8410 11.575 507.65 243.02

14.350 54.38 111.640 .7175 6.08 .8432 11.752 514.89 247.15

14.400 60.56 117.710 .7177 6.09 .8437 11.793 538.46 229.17

14.450 66.85 122.840 .7167 6.06 .8427 11.717 540.01 222.81

14.500 74.16 127.930 .7152 6.02 .8411 11.590 539.31 215.08

14.550 82.61 137.040 .7235 6.23 .8511 12.435 592.76 215.22

14.600 92.70 139.380 .7148 6.01 .8412 11.595 554.28 198.71

14.650 105.06 144.030 .7121 5.95 .8383 11.366 554.30 180.74

14.700 117.42 149.660 .7143 6.00 .8410 11.580 563.86 185.38

14.750 131.84 152.680 .7125 5.96 .8392 11.437 556.91 183.08

14.800 149.35 155.540 .7126 5.96 .8395 11.462 562.13 177.94

14.850 168.92 155.220 .7110 5.92 .8378 11.333 559.18 171.07

14.900 191.58 150.340 .7077 5.84 .8342 11.065 553.87 154.78

14.950 217.85 144.480 .7096 5.89 .8366 11.242 569.11 146.40

15.000 244.11 130.130 .7083 5.86 .8353 11.144 570.70 132.61





081683z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 1 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 56.65 41.790 .3540 2.10 .4152 2.420 126.17 21.64

14.050 57.78 43.490 .3640 2.14 .4270 2.490 129.06 24.11

14.100 57.89 44.820 .3732 2.19 .4380 2.559 130.13 29.60

14.150 59.43 46.140 .3794 2.22 .4453 2.606 131.77 31.51

14.200 60.56 47.750 .3883 2.27 .4560 2.676 133.64 35.13

14.250 61.80 49.260 .3963 2.31 .4655 2.742 135.02 38.76

14.300 63.45 50.770 .4036 2.35 .4741 2.803 136.53 41.73

14.350 65.20 52.400 .4115 2.40 .4836 2.873 138.13 45.04

14.400 66.95 54.380 .4215 2.46 .4955 2.964 140.14 49.29

14.450 69.53 56.120 .4292 2.50 .5046 3.037 142.41 51.88

14.500 71.89 57.380 .4344 2.54 .5109 3.089 142.99 54.70

14.550 74.37 62.060 .4581 2.69 .5389 3.338 149.79 63.78

14.600 77.77 63.840 .4652 2.74 .5475 3.420 151.82 66.84

14.650 81.37 66.420 .4764 2.82 .5608 3.554 154.95 71.86

14.700 85.49 68.030 .4830 2.87 .5687 3.637 156.79 75.00

14.750 90.33 69.490 .4895 2.92 .5765 3.723 159.23 77.78

14.800 94.97 71.080 .4970 2.98 .5856 3.826 160.68 82.03

14.850 100.94 72.460 .5047 3.04 .5948 3.936 163.76 85.54

14.900 109.18 73.830 .5146 3.12 .6066 4.084 170.44 88.74

14.950 114.33 73.580 .5179 3.15 .6107 4.137 168.91 92.16

15.000 121.54 73.330 .5240 3.20 .6180 4.236 170.74 95.74





081183z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 2 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 75.81 28.790 .2716 1.75 .3186 1.935 99.53 -18.85

14.050 74.98 28.610 .2685 1.73 .3150 1.920 100.61 -14.90

14.100 74.16 28.720 .2672 1.73 .3135 1.913 101.73 -10.81

14.150 73.85 29.050 .2684 1.73 .3150 1.920 102.94 -7.36

14.200 73.13 29.650 .2703 1.74 .3174 1.930 104.10 -2.96

14.250 72.31 30.810 .2757 1.76 .3238 1.958 105.65 2.12

14.300 72.20 31.400 .2791 1.77 .3279 1.976 106.24 5.88

14.350 72.20 32.610 .2865 1.80 .3367 2.015 107.55 10.11

14.400 73.13 34.240 .2979 1.85 .3502 2.078 110.01 13.54

14.450 74.16 35.500 .3070 1.89 .3609 2.130 111.73 16.80

14.500 74.47 37.100 .3169 1.93 .3727 2.188 112.78 21.77

14.550 75.81 38.690 .3279 1.98 .3857 2.256 114.62 25.56

14.600 77.25 39.790 .3360 2.01 .3954 2.308 115.59 28.88

14.650 79.00 41.910 .3500 2.08 .4119 2.401 117.83 33.57

14.700 80.86 42.860 .3574 2.11 .4209 2.453 118.47 36.77

14.750 83.43 44.810 .3709 2.18 .4368 2.551 120.78 41.13

14.800 86.00 46.350 .3819 2.24 .4499 2.636 122.18 45.27

14.850 88.89 47.810 .3928 2.29 .4629 2.724 123.50 49.44

14.900 92.70 48.990 .4037 2.35 .4758 2.815 125.59 53.04

14.950 96.51 50.170 .4145 2.42 .4887 2.912 127.08 57.19

15.000 100.94 51.330 .4261 2.49 .5026 3.021 128.90 61.64





082483z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 3 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 88.79 23.290 .2894 1.81 .3394 2.027 89.27 -35.58

14.050 87.65 21.710 .2794 1.78 .3278 1.975 89.92 -32.38

14.100 86.00 20.640 .2691 1.74 .3158 1.923 90.82 -28.58

14.150 84.46 20.000 .2605 1.70 .3057 1.881 91.78 -24.84

14.200 82.40 19.790 .2511 1.67 .2949 1.836 92.70 -20.22

14.250 81.37 19.930 .2474 1.66 .2906 1.819 93.89 -16.72

14.300 80.34 20.350 .2450 1.65 .2878 1.808 95.07 -12.95

14.350 79.52 20.910 .2441 1.65 .2869 1.805 96.17 -9.20

14.400 78.49 21.670 .2436 1.64 .2863 1.802 96.97 -4.90

14.450 78.28 22.700 .2477 1.66 .2912 1.822 98.34 -1.26

14.500 78.18 23.720 .2522 1.67 .2966 1.844 99.47 2.43

14.550 78.28 25.020 .2590 1.70 .3047 1.876 100.76 6.37

14.600 78.38 26.580 .2671 1.73 .3143 1.917 101.93 10.81

14.650 79.31 28.120 .2777 1.77 .3269 1.971 103.65 14.60

14.700 80.34 29.860 .2893 1.81 .3407 2.033 105.29 18.84

14.750 82.09 31.190 .3006 1.86 .3541 2.096 107.15 22.20

14.800 83.43 33.180 .3137 1.91 .3696 2.172 108.53 27.11

14.850 85.49 33.870 .3222 1.95 .3797 2.224 109.60 29.92

14.900 87.55 35.230 .3335 2.00 .3931 2.296 110.71 33.99

14.950 90.13 36.660 .3461 2.06 .4081 2.379 112.12 38.22

15.000 92.70 38.000 .3579 2.11 .4221 2.461 112.92 42.62





082483z2.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 4 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 96.61 20.140 .3102 1.90 .3638 2.143 83.63 -43.32

14.050 94.55 17.650 .2956 1.84 .3468 2.062 84.18 -39.69

14.100 92.19 16.030 .2816 1.78 .3305 1.987 85.13 -35.85

14.150 89.10 14.980 .2652 1.72 .3113 1.904 86.08 -31.09

14.200 87.04 14.370 .2541 1.68 .2984 1.851 87.01 -27.34

14.250 84.87 14.180 .2434 1.64 .2858 1.800 87.89 -23.24

14.300 82.50 14.340 .2325 1.61 .2731 1.751 88.55 -18.64

14.350 81.37 14.980 .2291 1.59 .2692 1.737 89.89 -15.13

14.400 80.24 15.830 .2267 1.59 .2665 1.727 91.10 -11.30

14.450 78.69 16.540 .2222 1.57 .2613 1.708 91.40 -6.94

14.500 78.28 17.720 .2252 1.58 .2649 1.721 92.73 -3.34

14.550 77.87 19.180 .2298 1.60 .2703 1.741 94.00 0.73

14.600 77.77 20.550 .2356 1.62 .2773 1.767 95.10 4.59

14.650 78.07 22.050 .2438 1.64 .2870 1.805 96.40 8.40

14.700 78.59 23.880 .2544 1.68 .2996 1.855 97.87 12.64

14.750 79.52 25.420 .2650 1.72 .3121 1.907 99.20 16.42

14.800 80.44 27.090 .2760 1.76 .3252 1.964 100.21 20.59

14.850 81.89 28.890 .2890 1.81 .3406 2.033 101.57 24.82

14.900 83.43 30.540 .3013 1.86 .3551 2.101 102.50 29.02

14.950 86.01 32.110 .3156 1.92 .3722 2.185 104.42 32.92

15.000 88.07 33.530 .3275 1.97 .3862 2.258 105.04 37.05





080283z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 5 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 103.00 18.640 .3316 1.99 .3889 2.273 80.23 -48.99

14.050 99.39 15.580 .3113 1.90 .3652 2.150 81.17 -44.27

14.100 96.31 12.980 .2933 1.83 .3442 2.050 81.61 -40.08

14.150 94.25 11.450 .2814 1.78 .3303 1.987 82.47 -37.03

14.200 90.13 10.560 .2605 1.70 .3058 1.881 83.25 -31.62

14.250 87.65 10.035 .2473 1.66 .2904 1.819 83.99 -27.78

14.300 85.49 10.210 .2367 1.62 .2781 1.770 85.09 -23.94

14.350 83.43 10.660 .2271 1.59 .2668 1.728 86.07 -19.93

14.400 81.37 11.460 .2184 1.56 .2567 1.691 86.91 -15.54

14.450 80.34 12.460 .2160 1.55 .2539 1.681 88.21 -11.97

14.500 78.80 13.860 .2128 1.54 .2502 1.668 89.10 -7.34

14.550 78.18 15.260 .2149 1.55 .2528 1.677 90.33 -3.47

14.600 77.77 16.640 .2185 1.56 .2571 1.692 91.37 0.37

14.650 77.46 18.290 .2241 1.58 .2638 1.717 92.36 4.58

14.700 77.56 19.930 .2319 1.60 .2731 1.751 93.38 8.61

14.750 78.04 21.660 .2418 1.64 .2848 1.796 94.54 12.63

14.800 78.80 23.310 .2524 1.68 .2974 1.846 95.59 16.54

14.850 79.83 25.260 .2653 1.72 .3126 1.909 96.74 20.89

14.900 80.86 27.110 .2774 1.77 .3270 1.972 97.36 25.27

14.950 82.92 28.760 .2915 1.82 .3437 2.047 98.86 29.13

15.000 85.18 30.530 .3063 1.88 .3612 2.131 100.20 33.36





082483z3.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 8 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 109.70 13.860 .3494 2.07 .4098 2.388 74.16 -53.16

14.050 105.60 9.890 .3286 1.98 .3854 2.254 74.80 -48.85

14.100 101.04 6.950 .3064 1.88 .3595 2.123 75.46 -44.26

14.150 97.34 5.020 .2881 1.81 .3382 2.022 76.16 -40.42

14.200 93.73 3.870 .2701 1.74 .3172 1.929 76.93 -36.50

14.250 89.25 3.750 .2474 1.66 .2905 1.819 77.81 -31.35

14.300 86.83 3.500 .2344 1.61 .2753 1.760 78.50 -28.11

14.350 84.46 4.080 .2219 1.57 .2607 1.705 79.62 -24.45

14.400 81.89 5.190 .2086 1.53 .2452 1.650 80.67 -20.09

14.450 80.03 6.370 .1997 1.50 .2348 1.614 81.72 -16.17

14.500 78.28 7.790 .1924 1.48 .2263 1.585 82.63 -11.99

14.550 77.15 9.450 .1902 1.47 .2237 1.576 83.84 -7.98

14.600 76.22 11.160 .1902 1.47 .2239 1.577 84.85 -3.91

14.650 75.71 13.040 .1943 1.48 .2287 1.593 86.02 0.18

14.700 75.71 15.170 .2028 1.51 .2388 1.627 87.53 4.36

14.750 75.71 17.080 .2111 1.54 .2487 1.662 88.46 8.49

14.800 76.22 18.990 .2221 1.57 .2617 1.709 89.60 12.46

14.850 76.74 20.610 .2319 1.60 .2732 1.752 90.18 16.20

14.900 78.07 23.020 .2484 1.66 .2928 1.828 91.79 20.78

14.950 79.31 25.150 .2630 1.71 .3101 1.899 92.65 25.21

15.000 80.86 27.330 .2785 1.77 .3284 1.978 93.42 29.76


072083z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 10 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 106.61 9.286 .3321 1.99 .3894 2.276 71.35 -49.54

14.050 102.18 5.872 .3105 1.90 .3643 2.146 71.88 -45.34

14.100 96.92 3.546 .2853 1.80 .3348 2.007 72.47 -40.43

14.150 92.70 2.544 .2643 1.72 .3103 1.900 73.40 -36.23

14.200 88.58 2.113 .2430 1.64 .2853 1.798 74.16 -31.82

14.250 84.98 2.421 .2235 1.58 .2625 1.712 75.07 -27.50

14.300 81.89 3.007 .2063 1.52 .2424 1.640 75.84 -23.36

14.350 79.10 4.390 .1914 1.47 .2249 1.580 76.99 -18.90

14.400 76.74 5.868 .1794 1.44 .2109 1.535 77.93 -14.52

14.450 75.19 7.682 .1742 1.42 .2048 1.515 79.31 -10.46

14.500 73.64 9.655 .1710 1.41 .2011 1.503 80.38 -6.01

14.550 72.20 11.821 .1712 1.41 .2014 1.505 81.21 -1.25

14.600 71.59 14.110 .1784 1.43 .2099 1.531 82.49 3.13

14.650 71.59 16.246 .1891 1.47 .2225 1.572 83.91 7.06

14.700 71.59 18.299 .2000 1.50 .2355 1.616 84.86 11.11

14.750 72.10 20.678 .2151 1.55 .2533 1.678 86.26 15.38

14.800 72.82 23.176 .2316 1.60 .2728 1.750 87.54 19.89

14.850 74.16 25.589 .2493 1.66 .2937 1.832 89.11 24.18

14.900 75.40 27.718 .2646 1.72 .3119 1.907 89.94 28.31

14.950 76.53 30.435 .2825 1.79 .3331 1.999 90.30 33.42

15.000 78.28 32.533 .2980 1.85 .3515 2.084 90.79 37.55





082883z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 12 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 117.42 12.430 .3760 2.21 .4410 2.578 70.77 -58.39

14.050 113.09 7.150 .3559 2.11 .4175 2.434 71.15 -54.32

14.100 108.15 3.300 .3345 2.01 .3925 2.292 71.74 -50.08

14.150 103.00 0.600 .3121 1.91 .3664 2.156 72.35 -45.67

14.200 98.37 -0.951 .2913 1.82 .3420 2.039 73.09 -41.55

14.250 93.94 -1.660 .2702 1.74 .3173 1.930 73.85 -37.31

14.300 90.13 -1.820 .2510 1.67 .2948 1.836 74.58 -33.32

14.350 86.52 -1.460 .2316 1.60 .2722 1.748 75.24 -29.15

14.400 83.43 -0.521 .2142 1.55 .2518 1.673 76.08 -24.99

14.450 80.65 0.450 .1979 1.49 .2327 1.607 76.58 -20.92

14.500 78.28 1.930 .1841 1.45 .2165 1.553 77.28 -16.71

14.550 76.43 3.770 .1743 1.42 .2051 1.516 78.21 -12.47

14.600 75.19 5.820 .1699 1.41 .2000 1.500 79.39 -8.34

14.650 74.16 7.710 .1681 1.40 .1979 1.493 80.22 -4.32

14.700 73.13 10.070 .1695 1.41 .1996 1.499 80.93 0.35

14.750 72.62 12.240 .1752 1.42 .2063 1.520 81.61 4.61

14.800 72.62 14.530 .1853 1.45 .2183 1.559 82.53 8.85

14.850 72.62 16.840 .1965 1.49 .2316 1.603 82.99 13.25

14.900 73.13 19.730 .2136 1.54 .2518 1.673 83.87 18.28

14.950 74.16 21.070 .2245 1.58 .2647 1.720 84.42 21.19

15.000 75.91 24.930 .2509 1.67 .2959 1.841 86.13 27.44





071983z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 14 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 112.27 14.571 .3599 2.12 .4220 2.460 73.92 -55.35

14.050 108.15 9.751 .3387 2.02 .3973 2.319 74.20 -50.96

14.100 103.52 6.489 .3168 1.93 .3717 2.183 74.86 -46.45

14.150 98.78 2.831 .2936 1.83 .3447 2.052 74.19 -41.86

14.200 94.76 2.831 .2746 1.76 .3224 1.952 76.08 -37.67

14.250 90.64 2.470 .2539 1.68 .2981 1.850 76.93 -33.10

14.300 87.55 2.587 .2377 1.62 .2792 1.775 77.87 -29.20

14.350 84.25 3.171 .2200 1.56 .2585 1.697 78.60 -24.71

14.400 81.37 4.201 .2045 1.51 .2403 1.633 79.36 -20.19

14.450 79.31 5.723 .1945 1.48 .2287 1.593 80.57 -15.94

14.500 77.25 7.379 .1856 1.46 .2182 1.558 81.39 -11.36

14.550 76.01 9.141 .1829 1.45 .2152 1.548 82.50 -7.24

14.600 74.68 11.233 .1822 1.45 .2144 1.546 83.34 -2.51

14.650 74.26 13.515 .1889 1.47 .2223 1.572 84.80 1.86

14.700 74.16 15.646 .1977 1.49 .2327 1.607 86.06 6.06

14.750 74.16 18.441 .2110 1.53 .2485 1.661 87.43 11.21

14.800 74.37 20.068 .2201 1.56 .2592 1.700 87.82 14.93

14.850 74.68 22.357 .2332 1.61 .2748 1.758 88.28 19.54

14.900 76.12 24.631 .2500 1.67 .2946 1.835 89.76 23.76

14.950 77.25 27.023 .2660 1.72 .3137 1.914 90.35 28.43

15.000 78.38 29.667 .2830 1.79 .3338 2.002 90.42 33.51





082883z2.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 16 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 118.97 16.210 .3854 2.25 .4520 2.650 72.84 -60.71

14.050 114.85 10.320 .3648 2.15 .4280 2.497 73.13 -56.36

14.100 109.70 5.500 .3417 2.04 .4010 2.339 73.36 -51.59

14.150 105.06 2.380 .3213 1.95 .3772 2.211 73.88 -47.45

14.200 100.73 0.296 .3020 1.87 .3546 2.099 74.47 -43.53

14.250 95.48 -1.095 .2776 1.77 .3260 1.967 74.73 -38.60

14.300 91.67 -1.434 .2588 1.70 .3040 1.874 75.47 -34.63

14.350 88.07 -1.150 .2399 1.63 .2820 1.785 76.24 -30.46

14.400 85.28 -0.556 .2246 1.58 .2640 1.717 77.09 -26.73

14.450 82.40 0.346 .2082 1.53 .2448 1.648 77.65 -22.58

14.500 78.80 2.170 .1874 1.46 .2204 1.566 77.90 -16.98

14.550 77.25 3.940 .1796 1.44 .2113 1.536 79.07 -13.02

14.600 75.40 6.030 .1716 1.41 .2020 1.506 79.76 -8.30

14.650 74.26 8.120 .1698 1.41 .1999 1.500 80.63 -3.97

14.675 73.95 9.270 .1715 1.41 .2019 1.506 81.25 -1.81

14.700 73.13 10.480 .1710 1.41 .2013 1.504 81.21 0.82

14.750 72.51 12.810 .1770 1.43 .2085 1.527 81.83 5.36

14.800 72.51 15.140 .1877 1.46 .2211 1.568 82.72 9.67

14.850 72.51 16.770 .1957 1.49 .2306 1.600 82.82 13.21

14.900 73.13 19.500 .2124 1.54 .2503 1.668 83.78 17.98

14.950 74.16 23.010 .2349 1.61 .2770 1.766 84.97 23.80

15.000 75.40 26.200 .2562 1.69 .3022 1.866 85.67 29.27





071783z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 22 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 123.60 23.710 .4104 2.39 .4813 2.856 75.90 -66.80

14.050 120.51 15.800 .3901 2.28 .4577 2.688 75.51 -62.12

14.100 117.42 10.990 .3747 2.20 .4397 2.570 76.32 -58.76

14.150 112.27 6.042 .3521 2.09 .4133 2.409 76.52 -53.83

14.200 108.15 2.460 .3343 2.00 .3925 2.292 76.73 -50.01

14.250 103.00 0.281 .3121 1.91 .3666 2.157 77.29 -45.27

14.300 98.37 -1.119 .2913 1.82 .3422 2.040 77.70 -40.79

14.400 90.13 -1.701 .2509 1.67 .2949 1.837 78.53 -31.85

14.500 84.98 -0.345 .2229 1.57 .2621 1.711 80.19 -24.33

14.600 80.03 2.843 .1953 1.49 .2298 1.597 81.48 -15.04

14.700 77.25 6.803 .1843 1.45 .2170 1.554 83.16 -6.11

14.750 76.22 9.966 .1865 1.46 .2196 1.563 84.39 -0.33

14.800 75.91 11.486 .1897 1.47 .2235 1.576 84.87 3.29

14.850 76.22 14.141 .2011 1.50 .2369 1.621 86.30 8.09

14.900 76.22 16.640 .2115 1.54 .2493 1.664 86.73 13.02

14.950 76.74 19.197 .2252 1.58 .2655 1.723 87.30 17.92

15.000 78.28 21.400 .2415 1.64 .2849 1.797 88.62 22.18





















Dipole Terminal Impedance Data Obtained From Measurements at Various Heights
Above Ground in the Frequency Range from 14.0 to 15.0 MHz. Measurements Made be
W2DU at the W2DU site in DeLand, Florida.



081883z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 0 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 32.24 82.000 .7129 5.97 .8361 11.203 471.51 249.55

14.050 34.51 85.410 .7122 5.95 .8355 11.162 472.73 246.63

14.100 37.29 89.720 .7130 5.97 .8367 11.246 492.08 236.91

14.150 40.17 93.780 .7133 5.98 .8372 11.287 499.53 233.27

14.200 43.26 98.590 .7161 6.04 .8408 11.562 519.29 232.53

14.250 47.28 101.890 .7108 5.91 .8348 11.104 500.18 221.92

14.300 50.16 106.640 .7158 6.04 .8410 11.575 507.65 243.02

14.350 54.38 111.640 .7175 6.08 .8432 11.752 514.89 247.15

14.400 60.56 117.710 .7177 6.09 .8437 11.793 538.46 229.17

14.450 66.85 122.840 .7167 6.06 .8427 11.717 540.01 222.81

14.500 74.16 127.930 .7152 6.02 .8411 11.590 539.31 215.08

14.550 82.61 137.040 .7235 6.23 .8511 12.435 592.76 215.22

14.600 92.70 139.380 .7148 6.01 .8412 11.595 554.28 198.71

14.650 105.06 144.030 .7121 5.95 .8383 11.366 554.30 180.74

14.700 117.42 149.660 .7143 6.00 .8410 11.580 563.86 185.38

14.750 131.84 152.680 .7125 5.96 .8392 11.437 556.91 183.08

14.800 149.35 155.540 .7126 5.96 .8395 11.462 562.13 177.94

14.850 168.92 155.220 .7110 5.92 .8378 11.333 559.18 171.07

14.900 191.58 150.340 .7077 5.84 .8342 11.065 553.87 154.78

14.950 217.85 144.480 .7096 5.89 .8366 11.242 569.11 146.40

15.000 244.11 130.130 .7083 5.86 .8353 11.144 570.70 132.61





081683z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 1 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 56.65 41.790 .3540 2.10 .4152 2.420 126.17 21.64

14.050 57.78 43.490 .3640 2.14 .4270 2.490 129.06 24.11

14.100 57.89 44.820 .3732 2.19 .4380 2.559 130.13 29.60

14.150 59.43 46.140 .3794 2.22 .4453 2.606 131.77 31.51

14.200 60.56 47.750 .3883 2.27 .4560 2.676 133.64 35.13

14.250 61.80 49.260 .3963 2.31 .4655 2.742 135.02 38.76

14.300 63.45 50.770 .4036 2.35 .4741 2.803 136.53 41.73

14.350 65.20 52.400 .4115 2.40 .4836 2.873 138.13 45.04

14.400 66.95 54.380 .4215 2.46 .4955 2.964 140.14 49.29

14.450 69.53 56.120 .4292 2.50 .5046 3.037 142.41 51.88

14.500 71.89 57.380 .4344 2.54 .5109 3.089 142.99 54.70

14.550 74.37 62.060 .4581 2.69 .5389 3.338 149.79 63.78

14.600 77.77 63.840 .4652 2.74 .5475 3.420 151.82 66.84

14.650 81.37 66.420 .4764 2.82 .5608 3.554 154.95 71.86

14.700 85.49 68.030 .4830 2.87 .5687 3.637 156.79 75.00

14.750 90.33 69.490 .4895 2.92 .5765 3.723 159.23 77.78

14.800 94.97 71.080 .4970 2.98 .5856 3.826 160.68 82.03

14.850 100.94 72.460 .5047 3.04 .5948 3.936 163.76 85.54

14.900 109.18 73.830 .5146 3.12 .6066 4.084 170.44 88.74

14.950 114.33 73.580 .5179 3.15 .6107 4.137 168.91 92.16

15.000 121.54 73.330 .5240 3.20 .6180 4.236 170.74 95.74





081183z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 2 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 75.81 28.790 .2716 1.75 .3186 1.935 99.53 -18.85

14.050 74.98 28.610 .2685 1.73 .3150 1.920 100.61 -14.90

14.100 74.16 28.720 .2672 1.73 .3135 1.913 101.73 -10.81

14.150 73.85 29.050 .2684 1.73 .3150 1.920 102.94 -7.36

14.200 73.13 29.650 .2703 1.74 .3174 1.930 104.10 -2.96

14.250 72.31 30.810 .2757 1.76 .3238 1.958 105.65 2.12

14.300 72.20 31.400 .2791 1.77 .3279 1.976 106.24 5.88

14.350 72.20 32.610 .2865 1.80 .3367 2.015 107.55 10.11

14.400 73.13 34.240 .2979 1.85 .3502 2.078 110.01 13.54

14.450 74.16 35.500 .3070 1.89 .3609 2.130 111.73 16.80

14.500 74.47 37.100 .3169 1.93 .3727 2.188 112.78 21.77

14.550 75.81 38.690 .3279 1.98 .3857 2.256 114.62 25.56

14.600 77.25 39.790 .3360 2.01 .3954 2.308 115.59 28.88

14.650 79.00 41.910 .3500 2.08 .4119 2.401 117.83 33.57

14.700 80.86 42.860 .3574 2.11 .4209 2.453 118.47 36.77

14.750 83.43 44.810 .3709 2.18 .4368 2.551 120.78 41.13

14.800 86.00 46.350 .3819 2.24 .4499 2.636 122.18 45.27

14.850 88.89 47.810 .3928 2.29 .4629 2.724 123.50 49.44

14.900 92.70 48.990 .4037 2.35 .4758 2.815 125.59 53.04

14.950 96.51 50.170 .4145 2.42 .4887 2.912 127.08 57.19

15.000 100.94 51.330 .4261 2.49 .5026 3.021 128.90 61.64





082483z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 3 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 88.79 23.290 .2894 1.81 .3394 2.027 89.27 -35.58

14.050 87.65 21.710 .2794 1.78 .3278 1.975 89.92 -32.38

14.100 86.00 20.640 .2691 1.74 .3158 1.923 90.82 -28.58

14.150 84.46 20.000 .2605 1.70 .3057 1.881 91.78 -24.84

14.200 82.40 19.790 .2511 1.67 .2949 1.836 92.70 -20.22

14.250 81.37 19.930 .2474 1.66 .2906 1.819 93.89 -16.72

14.300 80.34 20.350 .2450 1.65 .2878 1.808 95.07 -12.95

14.350 79.52 20.910 .2441 1.65 .2869 1.805 96.17 -9.20

14.400 78.49 21.670 .2436 1.64 .2863 1.802 96.97 -4.90

14.450 78.28 22.700 .2477 1.66 .2912 1.822 98.34 -1.26

14.500 78.18 23.720 .2522 1.67 .2966 1.844 99.47 2.43

14.550 78.28 25.020 .2590 1.70 .3047 1.876 100.76 6.37

14.600 78.38 26.580 .2671 1.73 .3143 1.917 101.93 10.81

14.650 79.31 28.120 .2777 1.77 .3269 1.971 103.65 14.60

14.700 80.34 29.860 .2893 1.81 .3407 2.033 105.29 18.84

14.750 82.09 31.190 .3006 1.86 .3541 2.096 107.15 22.20

14.800 83.43 33.180 .3137 1.91 .3696 2.172 108.53 27.11

14.850 85.49 33.870 .3222 1.95 .3797 2.224 109.60 29.92

14.900 87.55 35.230 .3335 2.00 .3931 2.296 110.71 33.99

14.950 90.13 36.660 .3461 2.06 .4081 2.379 112.12 38.22

15.000 92.70 38.000 .3579 2.11 .4221 2.461 112.92 42.62





082483z2.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 4 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 96.61 20.140 .3102 1.90 .3638 2.143 83.63 -43.32

14.050 94.55 17.650 .2956 1.84 .3468 2.062 84.18 -39.69

14.100 92.19 16.030 .2816 1.78 .3305 1.987 85.13 -35.85

14.150 89.10 14.980 .2652 1.72 .3113 1.904 86.08 -31.09

14.200 87.04 14.370 .2541 1.68 .2984 1.851 87.01 -27.34

14.250 84.87 14.180 .2434 1.64 .2858 1.800 87.89 -23.24

14.300 82.50 14.340 .2325 1.61 .2731 1.751 88.55 -18.64

14.350 81.37 14.980 .2291 1.59 .2692 1.737 89.89 -15.13

14.400 80.24 15.830 .2267 1.59 .2665 1.727 91.10 -11.30

14.450 78.69 16.540 .2222 1.57 .2613 1.708 91.40 -6.94

14.500 78.28 17.720 .2252 1.58 .2649 1.721 92.73 -3.34

14.550 77.87 19.180 .2298 1.60 .2703 1.741 94.00 0.73

14.600 77.77 20.550 .2356 1.62 .2773 1.767 95.10 4.59

14.650 78.07 22.050 .2438 1.64 .2870 1.805 96.40 8.40

14.700 78.59 23.880 .2544 1.68 .2996 1.855 97.87 12.64

14.750 79.52 25.420 .2650 1.72 .3121 1.907 99.20 16.42

14.800 80.44 27.090 .2760 1.76 .3252 1.964 100.21 20.59

14.850 81.89 28.890 .2890 1.81 .3406 2.033 101.57 24.82

14.900 83.43 30.540 .3013 1.86 .3551 2.101 102.50 29.02

14.950 86.01 32.110 .3156 1.92 .3722 2.185 104.42 32.92

15.000 88.07 33.530 .3275 1.97 .3862 2.258 105.04 37.05





080283z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 5 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 103.00 18.640 .3316 1.99 .3889 2.273 80.23 -48.99

14.050 99.39 15.580 .3113 1.90 .3652 2.150 81.17 -44.27

14.100 96.31 12.980 .2933 1.83 .3442 2.050 81.61 -40.08

14.150 94.25 11.450 .2814 1.78 .3303 1.987 82.47 -37.03

14.200 90.13 10.560 .2605 1.70 .3058 1.881 83.25 -31.62

14.250 87.65 10.035 .2473 1.66 .2904 1.819 83.99 -27.78

14.300 85.49 10.210 .2367 1.62 .2781 1.770 85.09 -23.94

14.350 83.43 10.660 .2271 1.59 .2668 1.728 86.07 -19.93

14.400 81.37 11.460 .2184 1.56 .2567 1.691 86.91 -15.54

14.450 80.34 12.460 .2160 1.55 .2539 1.681 88.21 -11.97

14.500 78.80 13.860 .2128 1.54 .2502 1.668 89.10 -7.34

14.550 78.18 15.260 .2149 1.55 .2528 1.677 90.33 -3.47

14.600 77.77 16.640 .2185 1.56 .2571 1.692 91.37 0.37

14.650 77.46 18.290 .2241 1.58 .2638 1.717 92.36 4.58

14.700 77.56 19.930 .2319 1.60 .2731 1.751 93.38 8.61

14.750 78.04 21.660 .2418 1.64 .2848 1.796 94.54 12.63

14.800 78.80 23.310 .2524 1.68 .2974 1.846 95.59 16.54

14.850 79.83 25.260 .2653 1.72 .3126 1.909 96.74 20.89

14.900 80.86 27.110 .2774 1.77 .3270 1.972 97.36 25.27

14.950 82.92 28.760 .2915 1.82 .3437 2.047 98.86 29.13

15.000 85.18 30.530 .3063 1.88 .3612 2.131 100.20 33.36





082483z3.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 8 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 109.70 13.860 .3494 2.07 .4098 2.388 74.16 -53.16

14.050 105.60 9.890 .3286 1.98 .3854 2.254 74.80 -48.85

14.100 101.04 6.950 .3064 1.88 .3595 2.123 75.46 -44.26

14.150 97.34 5.020 .2881 1.81 .3382 2.022 76.16 -40.42

14.200 93.73 3.870 .2701 1.74 .3172 1.929 76.93 -36.50

14.250 89.25 3.750 .2474 1.66 .2905 1.819 77.81 -31.35

14.300 86.83 3.500 .2344 1.61 .2753 1.760 78.50 -28.11

14.350 84.46 4.080 .2219 1.57 .2607 1.705 79.62 -24.45

14.400 81.89 5.190 .2086 1.53 .2452 1.650 80.67 -20.09

14.450 80.03 6.370 .1997 1.50 .2348 1.614 81.72 -16.17

14.500 78.28 7.790 .1924 1.48 .2263 1.585 82.63 -11.99

14.550 77.15 9.450 .1902 1.47 .2237 1.576 83.84 -7.98

14.600 76.22 11.160 .1902 1.47 .2239 1.577 84.85 -3.91

14.650 75.71 13.040 .1943 1.48 .2287 1.593 86.02 0.18

14.700 75.71 15.170 .2028 1.51 .2388 1.627 87.53 4.36

14.750 75.71 17.080 .2111 1.54 .2487 1.662 88.46 8.49

14.800 76.22 18.990 .2221 1.57 .2617 1.709 89.60 12.46

14.850 76.74 20.610 .2319 1.60 .2732 1.752 90.18 16.20

14.900 78.07 23.020 .2484 1.66 .2928 1.828 91.79 20.78

14.950 79.31 25.150 .2630 1.71 .3101 1.899 92.65 25.21

15.000 80.86 27.330 .2785 1.77 .3284 1.978 93.42 29.76


072083z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 10 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 106.61 9.286 .3321 1.99 .3894 2.276 71.35 -49.54

14.050 102.18 5.872 .3105 1.90 .3643 2.146 71.88 -45.34

14.100 96.92 3.546 .2853 1.80 .3348 2.007 72.47 -40.43

14.150 92.70 2.544 .2643 1.72 .3103 1.900 73.40 -36.23

14.200 88.58 2.113 .2430 1.64 .2853 1.798 74.16 -31.82

14.250 84.98 2.421 .2235 1.58 .2625 1.712 75.07 -27.50

14.300 81.89 3.007 .2063 1.52 .2424 1.640 75.84 -23.36

14.350 79.10 4.390 .1914 1.47 .2249 1.580 76.99 -18.90

14.400 76.74 5.868 .1794 1.44 .2109 1.535 77.93 -14.52

14.450 75.19 7.682 .1742 1.42 .2048 1.515 79.31 -10.46

14.500 73.64 9.655 .1710 1.41 .2011 1.503 80.38 -6.01

14.550 72.20 11.821 .1712 1.41 .2014 1.505 81.21 -1.25

14.600 71.59 14.110 .1784 1.43 .2099 1.531 82.49 3.13

14.650 71.59 16.246 .1891 1.47 .2225 1.572 83.91 7.06

14.700 71.59 18.299 .2000 1.50 .2355 1.616 84.86 11.11

14.750 72.10 20.678 .2151 1.55 .2533 1.678 86.26 15.38

14.800 72.82 23.176 .2316 1.60 .2728 1.750 87.54 19.89

14.850 74.16 25.589 .2493 1.66 .2937 1.832 89.11 24.18

14.900 75.40 27.718 .2646 1.72 .3119 1.907 89.94 28.31

14.950 76.53 30.435 .2825 1.79 .3331 1.999 90.30 33.42

15.000 78.28 32.533 .2980 1.85 .3515 2.084 90.79 37.55





082883z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 12 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 117.42 12.430 .3760 2.21 .4410 2.578 70.77 -58.39

14.050 113.09 7.150 .3559 2.11 .4175 2.434 71.15 -54.32

14.100 108.15 3.300 .3345 2.01 .3925 2.292 71.74 -50.08

14.150 103.00 0.600 .3121 1.91 .3664 2.156 72.35 -45.67

14.200 98.37 -0.951 .2913 1.82 .3420 2.039 73.09 -41.55

14.250 93.94 -1.660 .2702 1.74 .3173 1.930 73.85 -37.31

14.300 90.13 -1.820 .2510 1.67 .2948 1.836 74.58 -33.32

14.350 86.52 -1.460 .2316 1.60 .2722 1.748 75.24 -29.15

14.400 83.43 -0.521 .2142 1.55 .2518 1.673 76.08 -24.99

14.450 80.65 0.450 .1979 1.49 .2327 1.607 76.58 -20.92

14.500 78.28 1.930 .1841 1.45 .2165 1.553 77.28 -16.71

14.550 76.43 3.770 .1743 1.42 .2051 1.516 78.21 -12.47

14.600 75.19 5.820 .1699 1.41 .2000 1.500 79.39 -8.34

14.650 74.16 7.710 .1681 1.40 .1979 1.493 80.22 -4.32

14.700 73.13 10.070 .1695 1.41 .1996 1.499 80.93 0.35

14.750 72.62 12.240 .1752 1.42 .2063 1.520 81.61 4.61

14.800 72.62 14.530 .1853 1.45 .2183 1.559 82.53 8.85

14.850 72.62 16.840 .1965 1.49 .2316 1.603 82.99 13.25

14.900 73.13 19.730 .2136 1.54 .2518 1.673 83.87 18.28

14.950 74.16 21.070 .2245 1.58 .2647 1.720 84.42 21.19

15.000 75.91 24.930 .2509 1.67 .2959 1.841 86.13 27.44





071983z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 14 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 112.27 14.571 .3599 2.12 .4220 2.460 73.92 -55.35

14.050 108.15 9.751 .3387 2.02 .3973 2.319 74.20 -50.96

14.100 103.52 6.489 .3168 1.93 .3717 2.183 74.86 -46.45

14.150 98.78 2.831 .2936 1.83 .3447 2.052 74.19 -41.86

14.200 94.76 2.831 .2746 1.76 .3224 1.952 76.08 -37.67

14.250 90.64 2.470 .2539 1.68 .2981 1.850 76.93 -33.10

14.300 87.55 2.587 .2377 1.62 .2792 1.775 77.87 -29.20

14.350 84.25 3.171 .2200 1.56 .2585 1.697 78.60 -24.71

14.400 81.37 4.201 .2045 1.51 .2403 1.633 79.36 -20.19

14.450 79.31 5.723 .1945 1.48 .2287 1.593 80.57 -15.94

14.500 77.25 7.379 .1856 1.46 .2182 1.558 81.39 -11.36

14.550 76.01 9.141 .1829 1.45 .2152 1.548 82.50 -7.24

14.600 74.68 11.233 .1822 1.45 .2144 1.546 83.34 -2.51

14.650 74.26 13.515 .1889 1.47 .2223 1.572 84.80 1.86

14.700 74.16 15.646 .1977 1.49 .2327 1.607 86.06 6.06

14.750 74.16 18.441 .2110 1.53 .2485 1.661 87.43 11.21

14.800 74.37 20.068 .2201 1.56 .2592 1.700 87.82 14.93

14.850 74.68 22.357 .2332 1.61 .2748 1.758 88.28 19.54

14.900 76.12 24.631 .2500 1.67 .2946 1.835 89.76 23.76

14.950 77.25 27.023 .2660 1.72 .3137 1.914 90.35 28.43

15.000 78.38 29.667 .2830 1.79 .3338 2.002 90.42 33.51





082883z2.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 16 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 118.97 16.210 .3854 2.25 .4520 2.650 72.84 -60.71

14.050 114.85 10.320 .3648 2.15 .4280 2.497 73.13 -56.36

14.100 109.70 5.500 .3417 2.04 .4010 2.339 73.36 -51.59

14.150 105.06 2.380 .3213 1.95 .3772 2.211 73.88 -47.45

14.200 100.73 0.296 .3020 1.87 .3546 2.099 74.47 -43.53

14.250 95.48 -1.095 .2776 1.77 .3260 1.967 74.73 -38.60

14.300 91.67 -1.434 .2588 1.70 .3040 1.874 75.47 -34.63

14.350 88.07 -1.150 .2399 1.63 .2820 1.785 76.24 -30.46

14.400 85.28 -0.556 .2246 1.58 .2640 1.717 77.09 -26.73

14.450 82.40 0.346 .2082 1.53 .2448 1.648 77.65 -22.58

14.500 78.80 2.170 .1874 1.46 .2204 1.566 77.90 -16.98

14.550 77.25 3.940 .1796 1.44 .2113 1.536 79.07 -13.02

14.600 75.40 6.030 .1716 1.41 .2020 1.506 79.76 -8.30

14.650 74.26 8.120 .1698 1.41 .1999 1.500 80.63 -3.97

14.675 73.95 9.270 .1715 1.41 .2019 1.506 81.25 -1.81

14.700 73.13 10.480 .1710 1.41 .2013 1.504 81.21 0.82

14.750 72.51 12.810 .1770 1.43 .2085 1.527 81.83 5.36

14.800 72.51 15.140 .1877 1.46 .2211 1.568 82.72 9.67

14.850 72.51 16.770 .1957 1.49 .2306 1.600 82.82 13.21

14.900 73.13 19.500 .2124 1.54 .2503 1.668 83.78 17.98

14.950 74.16 23.010 .2349 1.61 .2770 1.766 84.97 23.80

15.000 75.40 26.200 .2562 1.69 .3022 1.866 85.67 29.27





071783z1.dat

20-Meter Dipole, Length = 32.33 ft, HEIGHT = 22 ft, Calibrated Feed Line =
42.25 feet (40 feet RG-58 + balun of 2-ft RG-141 w/100 No.73 beads, RF Bridge
General Radio GR-1606-A, Signal Generator Ferris Microvolter 70B, Receiver
Collins 75A-4.



TRANSFORMING Zi = Ri+jXi MEASURED AT LINE INPUT TO ZL = RL+jXL AT LOAD



FEED LINE CALIBRATION:

LINE-LENGTH IN DEGREES/MHZ, PHI = 23.72

LINE ATTENUATION IN DB/SQR(MHZ), A = .185

LINE IMPEDANCE, ZC = 54



F Ri Xi RHOi SWRi RHO L SWR L RL XL

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.000 123.60 23.710 .4104 2.39 .4813 2.856 75.90 -66.80

14.050 120.51 15.800 .3901 2.28 .4577 2.688 75.51 -62.12

14.100 117.42 10.990 .3747 2.20 .4397 2.570 76.32 -58.76

14.150 112.27 6.042 .3521 2.09 .4133 2.409 76.52 -53.83

14.200 108.15 2.460 .3343 2.00 .3925 2.292 76.73 -50.01

14.250 103.00 0.281 .3121 1.91 .3666 2.157 77.29 -45.27

14.300 98.37 -1.119 .2913 1.82 .3422 2.040 77.70 -40.79

14.400 90.13 -1.701 .2509 1.67 .2949 1.837 78.53 -31.85

14.500 84.98 -0.345 .2229 1.57 .2621 1.711 80.19 -24.33

14.600 80.03 2.843 .1953 1.49 .2298 1.597 81.48 -15.04

14.700 77.25 6.803 .1843 1.45 .2170 1.554 83.16 -6.11

14.750 76.22 9.966 .1865 1.46 .2196 1.563 84.39 -0.33

14.800 75.91 11.486 .1897 1.47 .2235 1.576 84.87 3.29

14.850 76.22 14.141 .2011 1.50 .2369 1.621 86.30 8.09

14.900 76.22 16.640 .2115 1.54 .2493 1.664 86.73 13.02

14.950 76.74 19.197 .2252 1.58 .2655 1.723 87.30 17.92

15.000 78.28 21.400 .2415 1.64 .2849 1.797 88.62 22.18

Reg, to answer your request to put my data in a format useable in an email
without attaching a file, I found a way to convert the data to a text file.
Consequently, I uploaded the entire data file in the preceding thread, Antenna
Impedance Measurements. Please look for it there.

Walt

Reg, I goofed. The antenna impedance data in text format went into this thread
by mistake instead of into the Antenna Measurements thread.

Unfortunately, the tabular integrity is not as good as with the PDF file. I hope
you can decipher it.

Walt, W2DU

Walter Maxwell, W2DU wrote:
"Do you think any soil characteristics could be determined by such
data?"

Kraus has an interesting figure, No. 11-20 on page 305 of his 1950
edition of "Antennas". It is the feedpoint resistance versus height in
wavelengths over perfect ground (a copper sheet?) of a resonant 1/2-wave
dipole.

It varies from zero ohms at zero height to a maximum of about 100 ohms
at 0.35 wavelength above ground. The resistance settles down to just
above 70 ohms at infinite height (free space radiation resistance
value).

Clean dry sand may be a very good insulator. If it were deep enough, a
dipole lain on it might have a feedpoint of about 70 ohme. Better soil
conductivity might shift the drivepoint of the dipole to a lower
resistance as the Kraus figure indicates for perfect ground next to the
dipole.

Several measurements at slightly different locations and times may need
to be made and averaged for reliable results. The curve in Fig. 11-20
oscillates around the free space radiation resistance so that at some
altitudes feedpoint resistance goes down as altitude increases. One
would need to know which part of the curve the measured resistance fell
upon.

Walt may be on to something with his method for determining earth
constants. There are so many broadcast stations in the USA that soil
conductivity has been already determined in nearly all areas. For
unknown areas, one could lay out radial paths from existing stations and
measure feild strengths along the radial at several places and see how
much more attenuation there is versus the "unattenuated" values expected
and determine average ground conductivity by the loss added by the
ground.

Best regards, Richard Harrison, KB5WZI

Fred W4JLE wrote:
It would be interesting to recreate the measurements at other locations. My
location has 500 feet of sand below me. It would be a great improvement just
to have poor soil.

Depends on your objective. For NVIS operation with a horizontal antenna,
where you need the reflection, that's probably true. But for a vertical
or for DX with a horizontal antenna, you're better off with the sand.
Perfect ground has no loss; free space has no loss. There's an
intermediate quality of ground at which the loss is maximum at a given
frequency. Unfortunately, this happens to be in the range of ordinary
ground characteristics in the HF range. Your ground should be very low
loss. And your pattern should resemble free space, with a very strong
field at very low radiation angles.

Roy Lewallen, W7EL

On Mon, 20 Jun 2005 23:02:27 +0000 (UTC), "Reg Edwards"
wrote:

PHOOEY !

Yeah, but you heard it from me first. :-0

============================
You are not so clever.

You didn't detect my deliberate mistake.

Ah well, I suppose I shall have to tell you.

Soil constants are not constant.

Wanna make a bet you don't have the last say?

Punchinello

Ah Punchinello!

No, I am not clever at all. You can chalk that one up to charity.

You are certainly entitled to the last say -
"put some dirt in it and say Amen."
(John Wayne in "Red River" an example of high conductance earth of the
Texas panhandle country.)

73's
Richard Clark, KB7QHC

On Mon, 20 Jun 2005 23:17:40 -0400, "Walter Maxwell"
wrote:

Hi All,

Reg asked if I could send my data as an email, so I converted the file to text
format to be able to present the data in full here in this msg.

I checked to see that the tabular format remained intact, and it did in Outlook
Express, so here it is. I hope the tabular format will remain intact in your
browsers. Be sure to give your screen maximum width. If it doesn't, let me know
and I'll resend in PDF format.

I'd like to hear your comments.

Hi Walt,

Thanx big time for this work of dedication. I have other projects to
attend to, but I am sure looking forward to close examination of this
trove of data by hunkering down with Mathcad and casting up some
charts. Hope to do that within the week if not sooner.

73's
Richard Clark, KB7QHC

"Richard Harrison" wrote in message
...
Walter Maxwell, W2DU wrote:
"Do you think any soil characteristics could be determined by such
data?"

Kraus has an interesting figure, No. 11-20 on page 305 of his 1950
edition of "Antennas". It is the feedpoint resistance versus height in
wavelengths over perfect ground (a copper sheet?) of a resonant 1/2-wave
dipole.

It varies from zero ohms at zero height to a maximum of about 100 ohms
at 0.35 wavelength above ground. The resistance settles down to just
above 70 ohms at infinite height (free space radiation resistance
value).

Clean dry sand may be a very good insulator. If it were deep enough, a
dipole lain on it might have a feedpoint of about 70 ohme. Better soil
conductivity might shift the drivepoint of the dipole to a lower
resistance as the Kraus figure indicates for perfect ground next to the
dipole.

Several measurements at slightly different locations and times may need
to be made and averaged for reliable results. The curve in Fig. 11-20
oscillates around the free space radiation resistance so that at some
altitudes feedpoint resistance goes down as altitude increases. One
would need to know which part of the curve the measured resistance fell
upon.

Walt may be on to something with his method for determining earth
constants. There are so many broadcast stations in the USA that soil
conductivity has been already determined in nearly all areas. For
unknown areas, one could lay out radial paths from existing stations and
measure feild strengths along the radial at several places and see how
much more attenuation there is versus the "unattenuated" values expected
and determine average ground conductivity by the loss added by the
ground.

Best regards, Richard Harrison, KB5WZI

Richard, your indication that the dipole input resistance of 100 ohms at 0.35
wavelength above ground is interesting, in that if you look at Kraus' graph of
mutual impedance of parallel side-by-side radiators in his Fig 10-12, Page 266,
you can see the reason for this.

At this height above ground the the dipole is spaced 0.7 wavelengths from its
image in the perfect ground plane. The mutual resistance at this spacing
is -24.8 ohms, as shown in Fig 10-12 and in Table 10-1 on Page 267. Table 10-1
also shows the self resistance minus the mutual resistance at this spacing to be
97.9 ohms. There is the approximate 100 ohms shown in the graph of Fig 11-20.
Note that 97.9 - 24.8 = 73.1 ohms, the nominal resistance of a thin half-wave
dipole in space.

Of course this data relates only to the condition of perfect ground, with total
reflection and no attenuation. I would hope that the delta R and delta X values
vs height taken from my measured data might shed some light on the ground
conductivity and permittivity under my antenna. My soil is very sandy. Knowing
that, the delta values might show some tendency to verify that condition.

Walt, W2DU

"Richard Clark" wrote in message
news
On Mon, 20 Jun 2005 23:17:40 -0400, "Walter Maxwell"
wrote:

Hi All,

Reg asked if I could send my data as an email, so I converted the file to text
format to be able to present the data in full here in this msg.

I checked to see that the tabular format remained intact, and it did in
Outlook
Express, so here it is. I hope the tabular format will remain intact in your
browsers. Be sure to give your screen maximum width. If it doesn't, let me
know
and I'll resend in PDF format.

I'd like to hear your comments.

Hi Walt,

Thanx big time for this work of dedication. I have other projects to
attend to, but I am sure looking forward to close examination of this
trove of data by hunkering down with Mathcad and casting up some
charts. Hope to do that within the week if not sooner.

73's
Richard Clark, KB7QHC

Hi Richard,

Thanx big time for considering my data worthy of your time for further
examination. You've already made me anxious to see what interesting results
might come from your delving into my data with Mathcad.

Walt