Home |
Search |
Today's Posts |
#1
![]() |
|||
|
|||
![]() We begin with the model found at: http://www.qsl.net/w5dxp/weblaser.GIF Which has been variously described in text as: 1w | 1/4WL | laser-----air-----|---thin-film---|---glass---... 1st medium | 2nd medium | 3rd medium n=1.0 n=1.2222 n=1.4938 Pfor=1w Pfor=1.0101w Pfor=1w Pref=0w Pref=0.0101w Pref=0w which, of course, is in error Employing what has been described as the cogent math: Imin = I1 + I2 - 2*SQRT(I1*I2) = 0 or: Ptot = P1 + P2 + 2*Sqrt(P1*P2)cos(theta) or: Ptot = P1 + P2 - 2*SQRT(P1*P2) However, this math is far in advance of the necessary ground work to first establish I1|P1 and I2|P2 in the first place. It may be noted that they have been "assigned" values. Unfortunately the derivation of those values, lacking reference, are either pure whim and fantasy, or they were found by a formula, as of yet unreported. This will not pass. The formula either discreetly hidden or completely unknown is a class of optics math called Fresnel's Equations. I will likewise limit their discussion. It requires the computation of the transmission coefficient, and the reflection coefficient both of which are then expressed in the energy equation. When you take the intensity times the area for both the reflected and refracted beams, the total energy flux must equal that in the incident beam. That equation appears as: (r² + (t² · n2² · cos(theta-t) / n1² · cos(theta-i))) = 1 It stands to reason that this can be quickly reduced without need to use transcendentals for an angle of incidence of 0° (which results in a refractive angle of 0°). All that needs to be known are the coefficients which for that same angle simplify to r = 0.0999918999... a value that is the limit of an asymptote; it is also invested with either a + or - sign depending upon the polarization (another issue that was discarded in the original discussion as more unknown than immaterial) t = 0.9000081000... a value that is the limit of an asymptote; here, too, there are polarization issues we will discard as before. All this discarding comes only by virtue of squaring: r² = 0.00999838.... t² = 0.81001458.... I presume that the remainder of the math can be agreed to exhibit: that part of the energy reflected amounts to 0.999838% or otherwise expressed as: 9.99838mW and that part of the energy transmitted amounts to 99.000162% or otherwise expressed as: 990.00162mW It follows that at the second boundary there is less power available due to the conservation of power observed at the first boundary. The optics are hardly remarkable at this second boundary as they exhibit nearly the same results, by percentages. It then further follows that at the second boundary the amount of the original energy passing through the first medium (air) has been reduced to allow for a reflection returning to the first interface of only 9.89841mW. Needless to say, that same first interface is going to conserve energy by the total of refraction and reflection being equal to the energy incident upon it. I will skip that to allow ALL of this second reflection to "try" to totally cancel the first reflection: 9.99838mW - 9.89841mW or 99.968µW Now, admittedly, this appears all quite trivial and a strain on the precision to say the least. However the "initial conditions" have been stated to be an unrealistic example, or a perfect example, or a thought experiment, or... what have you. As a consequence this minute excess of energy stands in contrast to the expressed desire to prove "total" cancellation. I need not remind the reader that this could only get worse in the real world. But how does this "perfect" result fare in the real world where this 1W laser has an un-cancelled reflection remainder? How does it fare in an application to reduce reflections that the eye is sensitive to? We can presume that to be either 510nM or 555nM, or somewhere in between. A laser of this power will have a beam size on the order of 1mm². If you were to shine it against a white target that was exposed to the noon day sun, on the equator, at either equinox, we could compare it to the power of the sun's illumination. In this case, and being quite generous, I typically describe the available power from the sun as being 1000W/M². This laser then would, in terms of W/M², be quite powerful at 1,000,000W/M². This is more than 1000 times more power than the sun's exposure to the same target. However, the sun does not radiate one wavelength of energy. So, if we were to reduce the amount of sunlight confined to that in the Lased BW at its operating wavelength (noted above); then let's consider that the sun's power is in a BW of 2000nM and we are talking about (and I will be MOST generous to offer an absurdly wide) Lased BW of 20nM. It follows that the Lased power is thus 100,000 times brighter than the sun in the same BW for the same wavelength. But this still neglects that the sun's power is not evenly distributed throughout this 2000nM BW. I am not going to pencil whip this further. Let's simply return to that un-cancelled power and look at it instead: 99.968µW in that same 1mm², which if we cast to the same terms of comparison to sunlight it becomes 99.968W/M² which is a tenth of the power of the sun's total BW emission. But we are talking about brightness, and we do not perceive the total BW of the sun's emission. As you may guess I am going to use the same BW correction to find that the un-cancelled reflection products are TEN TIMES BRIGHTER THAN THE SUN! Consider that this is being exceedingly generous (to subdue the brightness of the Laser and its reflections) in contrast to the actuality of even greater brilliance due to narrower BW and the actual power distribution of the sun's energy across its spectrum of emission. Now, there is every chance I slipped a decimal point here or there in my rushing through the numbers. I will leave that to others to decide and exhibit my mistakes. If they are sufficiently in error, we can revisit the conversions and equivalencies in viewing this un-canceled reflection product. I bet it will still be quite brilliant and not the blackness so prophesied. Vision is so taken for granted, that few who venture into the field of optics have the discipline to divorce their senses from the numbers at the right time, or the common sense to re-invest sight into what would be observed. 73's Richard Clark, KB7QHC |
Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
Display Modes | |
|
|
![]() |
||||
Thread | Forum | |||
The Failure of Poor Concepts in Discussing Glare Reduction | Antenna | |||
Why do we use thin antennas? | Antenna | |||
Have you had an FT-817 finals failure? | Equipment | |||
Have you had an FT-817 finals failure? | Equipment |