Roger Halstead wrote:

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As the things have never come out according to the formula, "for me"
I just "cut long and trim to fit".

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Hmm. Bet that 5% probably had something to do with that,
huh? And
the "check -n- chop" tuning method is probably the most common.
Works
too.
I would also suspect that the difference between
insulated/noninsulated
lengths is frequency sensitive. I've never had an 80 meter
antenna be 'off'
by something on the order of 5-6 feet, unless It was my fault
when doing the
measuring. I have had antennas for higher bands be 'off' by
something like
5%, though (even allowing for my 'elastic' yardstick)...
'Doc