Home |
Search |
Today's Posts |
#1
|
|||
|
|||
Response to "21st Century" Part One (Code Test)
This is a response to the paper "Amateur Radio in the 21st Century", prepared
by Jim Wiley, KL7CC, with assistance from other members of NCVEC working on changes to the US Amateur rules. This response is intended to evaluate and constructively comment on the merits of the various ideas and changes presented in the paper, regardless of their source. For purposes of clarity and brevity, the introductions and executive summaries are not reproduced here. "Part One" deals with the code test. "Part Two" and "Part Three" deal with the proposed "Communicator" license. Since the style of the paper is conversational, I inserted my comments into the original paper in the same style, so that the paper reads like a conversation between KL7CC and myself. My comments are preceded with "N2EY". The main text of the original paper is preceded by "KL7CC". Here is my response to "Amateur Radio In the 21st Century" (Part One) N2EY: I'm a longtime active amateur, licensed 36 years. I was first licensed at the age of 13 in 1967, and in less than three years had reached the Extra class license. Amateur radio led me to earn bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering, and to an EE career. KL7CC: Some of the thought processes, and the reasoning behind them: Lets consider the matter of the Morse code. Even before anything else, keep in mind the fact that every person on the committee that drafted the NCVEC petition, now known as RM-10787, to remove the Morse code requirement, and also every person on the committee that is working on the new entry level license, is a "20 WPM" Extra class licensee. And, most if not all of them would list Morse as one of their favorite modes, if not indeed the favorite mode. My own favorite modes, in order, are Morse, AM Phone, SSB, and VHF FM. I also operate occasionally on other modes, such as RTTY, packet, satellite, and I am thinking about learning how to use PSK31. DXCC? Yes, about 200 officially, with another 60 or 70 worked but not submitted yet. Most of them were on Morse Code. One of our committee members, Fred, W5YI holds DXCC- CW only. Another, Scotty, W4WW holds 5 Band DXCC and has been on the DXCC Honor Roll. John, W3BE, uses CW almost daily, using it for traffic handling and chasing DX. So, there are no "Morse code haters" on the committee. There is no conspiracy, no secret agenda, no kickback from the manufacturers, no "black plan" from the ARRL, no anything. Just some guys that want nothing more than to see our great hobby prosper for the next hundred years, or longer. N2EY: That's good to know. However, these ideas need to be considered on their merits, not on the personalities of those who wrote them. KL7CC: Will dropping the Morse requirement remove a "filter" that keeps out poor operators, "CB Radio" types, scofflaws, and so on? I think not. Listen to 75 meters on any given evening, or 20 meters above 14300 during the day, and all too often what you hear is a cacophony of indecent language, illegal operation, intentional interference, music, poor sportsmanship, you name it. And every one of those characters passed a code test! Whether it was 5 or 13 or 20 WPM, they all passed a test. Some filter, huh? N2EY: There are several problems with that line of thought: First, no test will ever be a perfect "filter" of "bad apples". Particularly not a one-time test, often taken decades ago. That doesn't mean there is no filtering effect at all, just that it's not perfect. Second, all of the violators you hear - indeed, all amateurs of any license class - also took and passed several written tests to get their licenses. The written tests have always contained questions about permissible on-air behavior. If any test can be a "filter", shouldn't we expect those written tests to have filtered out the "bad apples" even more so than the code test? Yet you do not say "some filter, huh?" about the written tests. You do not propose eliminating the written tests, even though it should logically be the written tests' job to filter out such "bad apples". Third, what mode are the violators using? It's not Morse code! They're almost all on voice modes. Look at any listing of FCC enforcement actions, and you will see that the overwhelming majority of behavior-type violations are by hams using voice modes. The discrepancy is much, much more than can be explained by the relative popularity of various modes. When was the last time FCC had a similar enforcement problem with hams using Morse code? Some might try to explain the discrepancy by saying "it's easier to behave that way on voice". Maybe that's true - but so what? If a mode somehow promotes better on-air behavior, isn't that a reason to support that mode? Fourth, if you think some of the HF stuff is bad, look at some of the recent FCC enforcement actions against hams using VHF. For example, four amateurs in the 4th call district were recently cited for making illegal transmissions on police frequencies. If that's not bad enough, a few months ago, there was the case of the new amateur who made false distress calls on a VHF marine frequency using a modified amateur transceiver. These weren't "newbie mistakes" - they were deliberate and repeated violations, using voice modes and modified amateur equipment. Read the FCC enforcement letters - they're not a good advertisement for the ARS. KL7CC: Will removing the Morse requirement let in some "bad apples"? Yes, it will. But I firmly believe the number will be very small in comparison to the gain our hobby will receive from decent, law abiding, talented, and enthusiastic new hams. Just as letting code free new hams on to our VHF bands has not, for the most part, resulted in chaos, the same will be true of our HF assignments. N2EY: The dropping of the code test for the Tech license in 1991 did not result in a large, sustained growth increase in the number of hams, either. Compare the growth in the 1980s with that in the 1990s. There was a surge of new hams after the code test was dropped for Technician in 1991 - and then the growth rate dropped back to only slightly more than what it was before. Since the reduction of the code test to 5 wpm in 2000, the total number of US hams has grown by less than 10,000. That's less than 2% in 3-1/2 years. If the 5 wpm code test is removed, and growth in the 3-1/2 years following is less than 2%, will the code test be put back? KL7CC: It will be up to us, as the "experts", to guide newcomers, passing on the traditions of our hobby, the skills and operating techniques that make up a ham that we can all point to and say "that is a good operator". N2EY: That has always been the case. But there is only so much that Elmering can do - otherwise, we wouldn't need licenses at all, just Elmers. KL7CC: Will Morse code go away? Probably not in our lifetimes. Remember that Morse code is still the easiest way to get on the air, the most effective means of communicating under poor conditions, and where most of the DX will still be. N2EY: That alone is justification for a basic test of Morse code skill. KL7CC: We are not making Morse Code illegal; we are just making it equal to any other mode that hams might enjoy. We don't have special tests before a ham can operate SSB, or RTTY, or SSTV, or any other mode, so why for Morse code? N2EY: Because only Morse Code requires a skill that most people do not possess before getting an amateur license. And it cannot be learned by reading a book, watching a video, or passively attending a few classes. The Morse code test cannot be passed by memorization or word association of a published pool of questions and answers. Morse code is also the second most popular mode on amateur HF/MF, far ahead of the data and image modes and only slightly behind SSB voice. But Morse code is only useful if an operator has acquired the skills to use it. KL7CC: When most operators (admit it, it's true) operate voice or data. N2EY: It's also true that most operators also use manufactured equipment. Shall we remove the theory questions from all of the written tests because most hams don't build their own equipment? Which is more popular among hams - building ham rigs or operating using Morse code? KL7CC: Morse will probably retain most of it's exclusive band segments, at least for now. N2EY: There are NO exclusive band segments for Morse in any of the HF/MF amateur bands. The only exclusive band segments for Morse code are, ironically, the lowest 100 kHz of 6 and 2 meters. All of the non-phone subbands on amateur HF are shared with data modes. They are CW/data subbands, not exclusive band segments. KL7CC: We are not addressing this issue at this time. This may change in the future. Several countries no longer have exclusive segments, but depend instead on voluntary band plans. N2EY: Other countries (except Japan) also have far fewer radio amateurs than the USA. Crowding of the HF amateur bands is much less of a problem in the rest of the world. KL7CC: In fact, our 160-meter band works this way today, with surprisingly few problems. N2EY: There are also relatively few amateurs on 160 meters at any given time, due a number of factors such as the relatively large antennas needed. The lack of mode and license class subbands on 160 is a result of the fractured nature of the band when it was shared with LORAN. KL7CC: Remember that when Ham Radio started, Morse code was all there was. It wasn't even CW - we all used spark gap transmitters! N2EY: Who is "we"? I wasn't on the air back in the spark days - were you? N2EY: Besides, that state of affairs ended with World War 1. When amateurs were allowed back on the air in 1919, some of them were using "CW" (tube oscillator) transmitters instead of spark. Some of them began using voice modes - in fact, the very first broadcasting stations were amateur stations. KL7CC: One of the justifications for Amateur Radio, from the government's point of view, is that we continue to lead, or at least follow closely behind, advancements in the "state of the art" of electronic communications. That means advancing, not standing still. N2EY: What, exactly, is meant by "advancing, not standing still"? Does it mean amateurs must stop doing what they think is best for amateur radio because of changes in other services? For example, should amateurs stop using HF for point-to-point nonemergency communication between fixed stations because almost all other radio services have done so? That has been other radio services' "advance", yet hams have "stood still" by still using HF for routine, point-to-point (fixed) communications. KL7CC: And by the way, the only reason there was ever a Morse requirement for Amateur licensing in the first place is because of spark transmissions. N2EY: This is incorrect. The Morse test requirement for amateurs was not even a part of international regulations until 1927 - long after amateurs had stopped using spark. KL7CC: It was necessary for amateurs to understand the code so that they could be told to stand by in case their transmissions were interfering with critical government traffic, perhaps involving safety of life. Spark, by its very nature, covers up a lot of frequencies - thus putting everyone, hams and government alike, effectively on the same channel. N2EY: Again, that state of affairs ended with World War 1, if indeed it ever existed. The introduction of tuned receivers and the assignment of specific wavelengths for different services effectively ended that situation by 1912. Remember "200 Meters And Down"? Amateurs were not allowed on marine or government wavelengths after 1912. Spark was outlawed for hams in 1927. Hams had abandoned it years before then. Yet the code tests remaincd long after. KL7CC: By the way, most hams use the terms "CW" and "Morse Code" interchangeably, but if a person were to be picky, they are not the same. CW means "Continuous Wave", or a continuous, unmodulated signal. Spark emissions used a "damped wave", with a "high decrement", rich in harmonics and with wide sidebands, which caused great amounts of interference. CW transmissions, on the other hand, are restricted to a single frequency, or at least to a very narrow range. Morse code, as used in most Amateur Radio situations, involves keying a CW transmitter on and off in specific patterns, which we recognize as letters, numbers, punctuation, and other symbols. However, to simplify things and save on space, I will also use the terms interchangeably, as most Amateur Radio operators do in everyday usage. Will we lose something because we will no longer have the knowledge that all hams can at least understand and send CW, even if very slowly? Maybe, maybe not. N2EY: We have already lost that knowledge. It happened more than a dozen years ago. KL7CC: You would be surprised at the number of applicants I see that actually want to learn CW - they think it will be fun. There's a novel concept - someone learning a skill because it is fun, not because the government says you must do it. N2EY: It's neither a surprise nor a novel concept. Will you also apply the same criteria to the written tests - that a person should not be required to learnanything they are not immediately interested in? KL7CC: Well, OK, that is all well and good, you say, but are there any reasons we could offer that might support the idea of removing the Morse testing requirement, and what are some of the expected implications? Obviously, removing the Morse test requirement will make it easier for thousands of interested persons to join our hobby. N2EY: But will thousands more join? Eliminating the 13 and 20 wpm code tests and reducing the written tests from 5 to 3 has resulted in growth of less than 2% in the past 3-1/2 years. If the removal of the last remaining vestige of morse code testing does not result in significantly more growth, will the test be put back? KL7CC: There are many, who for whatever reason have a real, not imagined, problem with learning the code. Call it stage fright, a psychological block, hearing problems, poor recognition skills, whatever you want; there are indeed those who literally cannot master the code, no matter how hard they try. Lazy, you say? Anyone can make it to 5 WPM, you say? They just don't try, you say? N2EY: I don't say any of those things. Not ever. KL7CC: Apparently you have not participated at hundreds of exam sessions. I have. N2EY: How many hundreds? From when to when? KL7CC: I have seen grown men and women with tears in their eyes, frustrated, angry, sometimes back next time, sometimes giving up on ham radio altogether. Where's the gain in having someone give up? N2EY: What is the failure rate of the code test compared to the written tests? Does no one ever fail the writtens, or have extreme difficulty passing them? How many people have not been able to pass the 5 wpm code test after giving it serious study with modern learning tools? If enough people who fail the Extra written come to you with 'tears in their eyes', will you petition FCC to eliminate the Extra class written test? The 5 wpm code test is not "mastery" by any definition. It's learning a skill at the most basic level. The skill required is the ability to translate 43 sound patterns into letters, given 2.4 seconds per sound pattern. It's like learning to recognize 43 words in a new language, nothing more. And the test requires only the recognition of 25 of the sound patterns, not all 43. KL7CC: Are you proud that you "made it"? N2EY: Yes. Is there something wrong with pride of accomplishment? Should I be ashamed? KL7CC: Can you not find something that another person can do that you would find extremely difficult if not impossible? Could you win the Tour de France bicycle race - even if you trained every day for the rest of your life? Could you invent the Laser? Could you paint the Mona Lisa? N2EY: That's a completely invalid set of analogies. You are comparing world-class feats of excellence with the acquisition of a skill at an extremely basic level. 5 wpm is not equivalent to winning the Tour de France, or inventing a laser, or painting the Mona Lisa. It's more the equivalent of riding a bicycle at 5 mph for a mile on a level road, or assembling a flashlight, or painting a recognizable human face. Not everyone can learn to do those things, either. Why do you exaggerate the difficulty of passing the code test? KL7CC: Not that painting a work of art or riding a bicycle has all that much to do with radio, it's just to point out that while you may have been able to master the code with some degree of success, that doesn't necessarily mean that everyone has the same ability as you. N2EY: Morse code, however, has a lot to do with amateur radio. Also, 5 wpm is not mastery. KL7CC: I would argue that the ability to master the code has no apparent connection with how "good" a ham a person is. N2EY: The same can be said of the written tests. Shall they be stripped down to the barest minimum, or eliminated entirely? They are not a 100% effective filter for "bad apples". There are some people who would make great hams who have real problems with math, with test phobia, with remembering details like band edges and electronic symbols. Why are they being kept out of amateur radio? KL7CC: What we want, I think you will agree, is someone who will respect our traditions, follow the rules, bring enthusiasm and vigor to the hobby, and make a positive contribution. N2EY: I agree 100% on that. How do we attract such people to amateur radio. KL7CC: So, who's to say that mastering Morse code skills makes a better ham? N2EY: Who is to say they do not? Either way, it's merely an opinion. Is it wrong, or electro-politically incorrect, to express such an opinion? KL7CC: I would not be so arrogant as to think such a thing. Every time I get to feeling superior, I look around, and guess what? - - - I can find someone who is better at something, anything, than me. I can also name several individuals that I think are in one way or another "better hams" than I, better operators, better engineers, better at some aspect of our hobby than me. Might that be true with you too? N2EY: Expressing an opinion on what the license requirements should be is neither arrogant nor feeling superior. It's just an opinion. Saying that Morse code skills do not make a better ham is just as arrogant as saying they do. KL7CC: CW is a great mode. It's fun. I enjoy it. And, it's time to move on. N2EY: What exactly does "time to move on" mean in this context? Should hams stop using Morse code? Why? What are we supposed to "move on" towards? KL7CC: We no longer require applicants to draw schematic diagrams, demonstrate how to neutralize a triode vacuum tube amplifier, lots of other things. N2EY: Schematic drawing was eliminated because they required a trained examiner to grade, and also because it was not a 100% objective measure. Neutralization questions were removed from the test because relatively few hams use transmitters requiring neutralization adjustments. The written exams have been revised over the years to reflect the technologies in general amateur use. And a lot of hams today use Morse code. Particularly on the HF/MF amateur bands. KL7CC: Lets be gentlemen and give CW a decent, respectful, wave. Remembering our old friend, but looking forward, not backward. N2EY: What exactly does all that mean? You say "give CW a decent, respectful wave" and "look forward, not backward" - does that mean no more Morse code test, or no more Morse code? KL7CC: Morse code will live forever. As long as someone cares about the history and mystery of early radio, and lots of hams do, CW will be around. Like anything else, when a person finds he or she has a need to use Morse code, they will learn it. Want to work DX, or QRP, or weak signal VHF, or Moon-bounce? Better learn the code, or you won't have a very satisfying experience. N2EY: I hope that's true. But previously you wrote: "Will Morse code go away? Probably not in our lifetimes." Now you say it will live forever. Which is it? What will you say to someone who wants to remove everything but the basic rules, regs and safety from the written tests? How do you answer a prospective ham who says "I don't need to learn all that theory and propagation and other stuff now, for any class of license - when I find I have a need for it, I'll learn it"? KL7CC: Are we "dumbing down" amateur radio? Are you kidding? Have you looked at the new Extra class tests? N2EY: Yes, I have. They're not very hard if someone knows a little about radio. They have been passed by grade-school children. KL7CC: Could you honestly say you could pass one, picked at random, "cold"? N2EY: Without reservation, I can honestly say "YES - I CAN!" KL7CC: I couldn't, at least not without some serious study of the books. N2EY: Why not? Part of the understanding between the FCC and licensees is that we will at least keep current enough to pass the exams we expect others to take to become hams. With all due respect, if a licensed amateur cannot pass the current tests for the license they hold without serious study, then I think that amateur should reconsider whether they should be in a position to make amateur radio policy decisions. Just my opinion. If experienced hams can't pass the current written tests for the licenses they hold, why must new hams be required to pass them? Sounds like a case of "do as I say, not as I do". Do you begin to see why some folks use terms like "dumbing-down"? KL7CC: I have been licensed since the late 50's, went through all of the steps, starting at Novice, and getting my Extra in the 70's. Even had a "First Class" commercial radiotelephone, with both the radar and aircraft endorsements - passed all the elements in one sitting, missed at most 3 or 4 questions on any given section - a couple were perfect. And, except for the Novice, did this while sitting in front of the FCC themselves, no less. Never flunked a FCC code or theory exam. Never. So what? That and a dollar will get me a cup of coffee. I learned about ham radio from my peers, from watching and listening, not from tests. N2EY: It sounds like you're making a case to eliminate almost all testing, not just code. If the result of all that testing is a "so what", why should new hams have to do it? I've been licensed since 1967, and Extra since 1970. There has never been a time when I could not pass the then-current license tests without any special preparation. I say "Bring 'em on!" KL7CC: Will ham radio turn into CB? No, it won't. N2EY: How do you know for sure? Nobody really knows what will happen. When FCC created 27 MHz CB in 1958, no one thought that it would turn out the way it did. How can you guarantee what will happen in the future? KL7CC: In the first place, CB is essentially an unlicensed service. Secondly, there are still the written exams, and add to that peer pressure from other hams, and the fact that hams must use call signs, instead of "handles", and there is just no comparison. It isn't even an "apples and oranges" argument - it's more of an "apples and cement mixers" discussion - there just isn't any common ground between the two services. Hams will literally refuse to talk to someone without a call sign - and a call sign removes the anonymity of CB. N2EY: When CB was created, its users were required to obtain licenses and callsigns, and had to certify that they had read, understood, and would comply with all FCC rules of their service. Widespread disregard for the rules in the CB service caused FCC to give up on trying to enforce those rules, and ultimately to change them so that callsigns and licenses were no longer issued. If enough hams misbehave on the air - and it doesn't take many to cause real problems - FCC will either have to shut down the amateur service or allow things to go the way they did with cb. Hopefully this won't happen to amateur radio. But it did happen to cb, despite licenses, callsigns, clear FCC rules for the service, and much, much more FCC enforcement than has ever been expended on the amateur bands. In my opinion, the reason it happened to cb was simply that many cb users had no personal investment or commitment to their radio service. They simply didn't care to follow the rules, and FCC and the rules-abiding cb users were simply overwhelmed by sheer numbers. How do we insure that most new licenses will have adequate personal investment or commitment to the ARS? KL7CC: Break the rules on the ham bands, and you will get caught, and fined or even sent to jail. N2EY: You cannot guarantee that. Neither can FCC. KL7CC: We even have an "enforcer", in the person of Riley Hollingsworth, of the FCC's enforcement division. Riley and his helpers do an excellent job of keeping the ham bands clean, and his efforts in cooperation with Amateur Radio volunteers, such as the ARRL's Official Observer corps, do the job. Yes, he knows about the problems on 75 and 20, as well as elsewhere - and he is working on them as you read this. He has a problem common to all law enforcement types - he has to follow the rules, and the violators don't - but he will catch up with them in the end, trust me on that. I have visited with Riley one on one, and listened to him speak. He is a great guy, funny, personable, very sharp, and dead serious about his job. I surely wouldn't want him mad at me! N2EY: The problems in certain parts of the voice subbands on 75 and 20 are of long standing. Where was FCC enforcement when those problems started? Why have they been allowed to fester for so many years? Riley is trying his best and doing great things - but he's only one person, trying to do an extremely difficult job. You cannot guarantee that Riley will catch all of the trouble makers or even most of the worst ones. Particularly if their numbers increase. He's doing all he can but his resources are finite. And the problems are not limited to 75 and 20 meters. Most amateurs follow the rules not because they're afraid of Riley or the FCC but because they have a personal investment or commitment to the ARS. And remember what modes almost all of those bad apples are using. It isn't Morse code! (End of Part One - see Parts Two and Three for "Communicator" discussion ) 73 de Jim, N2EY |
#2
|
|||
|
|||
|
#3
|
|||
|
|||
|
#4
|
|||
|
|||
|
#7
|
|||
|
|||
Attention One And All:
Sir Lennie of Putzonia shall now demonstrate how "Professional Electrical Engineers" engage in "civil debate" (his description of how he conducts himself in this forum). You will please note the complete lack of any substantial discussion and the liberal use of sarcastic adjectives in order to overcome his lack of any meaningful discussion. Again. Steve, K4YZ (Len Over 21) wrote in message ... In article , (N2EY) writes: In article , (Brian) writes: (N2EY) wrote in message ... So, there are no "Morse code haters" on the committee. There is no conspiracy, no secret agenda, no kickback from the manufacturers, no "black plan" from the ARRL, no anything. Just some guys that want nothing more than to see our great hobby prosper for the next hundred years, or longer. N2EY: That's good to know. However, these ideas need to be considered on their merits, not on the personalities of those who wrote them. Jim, it would appear, at least on the surface, that you would also welcome the comments of Len Anderson. I used to, Brian. But for years, Mr. Anderson has used his "comments" as a way to voice unprovoked insults and denigration of those who oppose his views. His "comments" are rarely if ever without such ad hominem attacks. He is particularly nasty to those who prove him to be mistaken on any point of radio theory or history, as I have done many times. Believers can seldom coexist with infidels, heretics against Their Beliefs. Morseodists are ALWAYS right...by their own definitions. Thus, his credibility in this newsgroup has been eroded over the years, to the point where it does not exist at all any more. All-time high for Jimmie's self-righteousness! :-) Your credibility is also eroded, for similar reasons. Ah, more self-righteousness. The Fury of the Reverend is at a peak. The Sermon on the Antenna Mount continues... The authors of the "21st Century" paper are trying to bolster the credibility of their ideas by pointing to their own personalities rather than the merits of their arguments. Obviously, those 20 WPM code tested VECs are not of the True Beliefs! I guess that saying the right thing is important, even if you don't mean it, or even if it's impossible. It makes everyone feel good. Try considering what I wrote in the context of a reply to the authors of the 21st Century paper. Step up the brightness on your True Light, Reverend. Show us all the Way to Salvation, the Righteous Path of Morse. Amen. LHA |
Reply |
Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
Display Modes | |
|
|
Similar Threads | ||||
Thread | Forum | |||
Response to "21st Century" Part Three (Communicator License) | Policy | |||
My response to Jim Wiley, KL7CC | Policy | |||
Low reenlistment rate | Policy | |||
Some comments on the NCVEC petition | Policy | |||
NCVEC NPRM for elimination of horse and buggy morse code requirement. | Policy |