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Randy,
You get the award for most informative post concerning the "broadcast standards" in this thread. I was waiting for you to come through. It takes someone with real broadcast experience to give us the real scoop. Thanks. Phil B "Randy and/or Sherry" wrote in message ... John Byrns wrote: 1. It has been variously stated that the audio bandwidth of AM broadcasting is either 3.5 kHz, 5 kHz, or 10 kHz. In the US AM broadcast channels are 20 kHz wide, so audio is effectively limited to a maximum of 10 kHz by law/regulation. It is my impression that most AM stations transmit audio out to this legal maximum. Of course as HD-radio takes hold this will change with the analog signal cutting off somewhere around 5 kHz. I know there are at least 2 active broadcast engineers that read this group, perhaps they could fill us in on what the stations they are involved with are actually doing as far as audio bandwidth goes? We've kicked this around the block before - but I guess it won't hurt to kick it one more time. (I'm only going to address US standards here). The AM Bandwidth is 10Khz. However - what has to be taken into consideration are "real world" filters - and the "stop band" specifications of the NRSC-1. I.E. the signal must be down 15db (from 100% modulation) AT 10khz(!!!) Further - it must be: -30db at 10.5Khz; -40db at 11Khz; and -50db at 15Khz. -50db is .32% modulation (that's point 32 percent - not 32 percent). Now - depending on how good your processor / final filters are - figure your "real world" bandwidth from there. Consider "good" filters at 12db per octave - and "really, really good" filters at 24db per octave (an octave is 1/2 (going down) or double (going up) a given frequency. So if you put a 12db per octave filter in front of your transmitter - the highest unattenuated frequency through that filter will be around 4.5Khz. You can do much better with a 24db per octave - somewhere around 7.5Khz. Of course - NRSC-1 is no longer the "newest kid on the block" - the new one is ITU-R (Recommendation 328-5). To meet that spec. - the processor filters are set to 6.0Khz. Amigos and Optimods are set up to meet NRSC-1 power spectrum requirements "out of the box". The Optimod 9200 (the current top of the line digital AM processor) is adjustable from 4.5kHz to 9.0kHz in 0.5kHz steps, plus NRSC - is guaranteed to meet ITU-R (Recommendation 328-5) and NRSC-1 power spectrum specifications without the need for further low-pass filtering prior to the transmitter. And as noted -- is typically set for 6.0kHz for ITU-R. Amigos or Optimods are probably in 90%+ AM stations in the US (We're (WMER) is running an Amigo). Here is the NRSC site for those wishing to get thoroughly tech: http://www.nrscstandards.org/ And NRSC-1 itself (PDF document - needs acrobat reader) http://www.nrscstandards.org/nrsc-1.pdf 2. The idea expressed above that a "modern sophicated decompressor circuit could match the curve of the compressor" seems far fetched to me. Yeah, I agree: I can't imagine trying to "undo" what either the Optimod or the Amigo do to the audio; talk about multi-band; mutli-limit; multi-everything... sheesh. Here's Orban's Optimod 9200: http://www.orban.com/orban/products/..._overview.html You'll find a pop-up menu in the upper right of the page - you can view the features and specs. from there. Impressive stuff. best regards... -- randy guttery A Tender Tale - a page dedicated to those Ships and Crews so vital to the United States Silent Service: http://tendertale.com |
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